We investigate the production of exotic tetraquarks, $QQ\bar{q}\bar{q} \equiv T_{QQ}$ ($Q=c$ or $b$ and $q=u$ or $d$), in relativistic heavy-ion collisions using the quark coalescence model. The $T_{QQ}$ yield is given by the overlap of the density matrix of the constituents in the emission source with the Wigner function of the produced tetraquark. The tetraquark wave function is obtained from exact solutions of the four-body problem using realistic constituent models. The production yields are typically one order of magnitude smaller than previous estimations based on simplified wave functio…
Two-ordinary-meson scattering in large-$N_c$ QCD implies consistency criteria for intermediate-tetraquark contributions. Their fulfilment at $N_c$-leading order constrains the nature of the spectrum of genuinely exotic tetraquark states.
We apply the method of QCD sum rules to study the $s q \bar s \bar q$ tetraquark states with the exotic quantum number $J^{PC} = 3^{-+}$, and extract mass of the lowest-lying state to be $2.33^{+0.19}_{-0.16}$ GeV. To construct the relevant tetraquark currents we need to explicitly add the covariant derivative operator. Our systematical analysis on their relevant interpolating currents indicates that: a) this state well decays into the $P$-wave $ρϕ/ωϕ$ channel but not into the $ρf_2(1525)/ωf_2(1525)/ϕf_2(1270)$ channels, and b) it well decays into the $K^*(892) \bar K_2^*(1430)$ channel but no…
Flavour-exotic tetraquark mesons, by definition bound states of two quarks and two antiquarks of four mutually different quark flavours, are, for given Lorentz features, subject to two incompatible constraints: On the one hand, within quantum chromodynamics a formation of compact tetraquark states is most easily envisaged by merging two colour-antisymmetric two-quark clusters, a diquark and an antidiquark. This path, however, leads to merely a single tetraquark state of chosen Lorentz characteristics. On the other hand, in the limit of the number of colour degrees of freedom growing beyond bou…
Some hadrons have the exotic quantum numbers that the traditional $\bar q q$ mesons and $qqq$ baryons can not reach, such as $J^{PC} = 0^{--}/0^{+-}/1^{-+}/2^{+-}/3^{-+}/4^{+-}$, etc. We investigate for the first time the exotic quantum number $J^{PC}=4^{+-}$, and study the fully-strange tetraquark states with such an exotic quantum number. We systematically construct all the diquark-antidiquark interpolating currents, and apply the method of QCD sum rules to calculate both the diagonal and off-diagonal correlation functions. The obtained results are used to construct three mixing currents tha…
This paper focuses on tetraquarks containing two heavy quarks in the formal limit where the heavy quark masses are taken to be arbitrarily large. There are well-established model-independent arguments for the existence of deeply bound exotic $\bar{q}\bar{q}'QQ$ tetraquark in the formal limit of arbitrarily large heavy quark masses. However, these previous arguments did not address the question whether tetraquark states exist close to the threshold for breaking up into two heavy mesons. Such states are not stable under strong interactions---they can emit pions and decay to lower-lying tetraquar…
We analyse exotic tetraquark mesons - bound states formed by two quarks and two antiquarks - for the specific case of four different quark flavours within the framework of a well-defined limit of quantum chromodynamics characterized by the correlated growth without bound of the number of colour degrees of freedom and approach to zero of the coupling constant of the strong interactions. On the one hand, the assumption that the tetraquarks of the kind defined above show up, as poles in the amplitudes for the scattering of two ordinary mesons with flavour quantum numbers that match those of these…
Some of the currently most popular conjectures for the structure of the recently discovered heavy mesons that do not find a place in the quark model quarkonium spectrum are sketched. Furthermore, some observables are identified that should allow one to identify the most prominent components of individual states.
Masses of open- and hidden-charm tetra-quark scalar mesons are studied in a new approach. As the result, newly estimated masses of hidden-charm sector are significantly lower than our earier ones by a naive quark counting. In particular, our new result on the non-strange iso-triplet scalar mesons should be compared with the experiment that an indication of tiny eta pi peak around 3.2 GeV has been observed, while no signal in the eta_c pi channel.
We embark on systematic explorations of the behaviour of tetraquark mesons (colour-singlet bound states of two quarks and two antiquarks) in the (idealized) limit of a large number $N_c$ of colour degrees of freedom of quantum chromodynamics. Considering the scattering of two ordinary mesons into two ordinary mesons, we start off with formulating a set of selection criteria that should enable us to unambiguously single out precisely those contributions to all encountered scattering amplitudes that potentially will develop tetraquark poles. Assuming that tetraquark mesons do exist and, if so, e…
For very heavy quarks $Q$, relations derived from heavy-quark symmetry predict the existence of novel narrow doubly heavy tetraquark states of the form $Q_iQ_j \bar q_k \bar q_l$ (subscripts label flavors), where $q$ designates a light quark. By evaluating finite-mass corrections, we predict that double-beauty states composed of $bb\bar u \bar d$, $bb\bar u \bar s$, and $bb\bar d \bar s$ will be stable against strong decays, whereas the double-charm states $cc \bar q_k \bar q_l$, mixed beauty+charm states $bc \bar q_k \bar q_l$, and heavier $bb \bar q_k \bar q_l$ states will dissociate into pa…
Considering four-point correlation functions of color-singlet quark bilinears, we investigate, in the large-$N_{\mathrm{c}}$ limit of QCD, the subleading diagrams that involve, in the $s$-channel of meson-meson scattering amplitudes, two-quark--two-antiquark intermediate states. The latter contribute, together with gluon exchanges, to the formation, at the hadronic level, of two-meson and tetraquark intermediate states. It is shown that the two-meson contributions, which are predictable, in general, from leading-order $N_{\mathrm{c}}$-behaviors, consistently satisfy the constraints resulting f…
We review how lattice QCD can contribute to the prediction and the comprehension of tetraquarks, pentaquarks and related exotic hadrons, with at least one heavy quark. We include all families of exotic hadrons, except for the quarkless glueballs and the hexaquarks which are related to nuclear physics. Since the discovery of quarks and the development of the QCD theory, there has been a large interest in exotic hadrons, initiated by the tetraquark models developed by Jaffe in 1977. Lattice QCD, being a first principle approach to solve non-perturbative QCD, has been crucial not only to compute …
这是一个主要致力于双夸克的会议。虽然一个奇异介子原则上可以由一个双夸克和一个反双夸克组成,但这样的奇异介子在不久的将来不太可能在实验上观察到。根据这个模型,原因是双夸克-反双夸克奇异粒子的质量远高于衰变为两个介子的阈值,并且可能具有太大的宽度而无法观察到。一个可能的例外是一个奇特的$ u d \bar b \bar b$,但它将是一个很长的时间之前,这样的状态可以观察到,即使它是稳定的,对强衰变。