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arXiv 1102.3278astro-ph.HE
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发现一个微弱的X射线对应物和一个秒差距长的X射线尾的中年,gamma-ray唯一的脉冲星PSR J0357 +3205

Discovery of a faint X-ray counterpart and of a parsec-long X-ray tail for the middle-aged, gamma-ray only pulsar PSR J0357+3205

A. De Luca, M. Marelli, R. P. Mignani, P. A. Caraveo, W. Hummel, S. Collins, A. Shearer, P. M. Saz Parkinson, A. Belfiore, G. F. Bignami

摘要:

费米卫星上的大面积望远镜(LAT)开启了脉冲星天文学的新时代,探测到来自60多颗脉冲星的伽马射线脉动,其中约40%在无线电波段看不到。LAT发现的最有趣的源之一是PSR J 0357 +3205,这是一颗射电宁静的中年脉冲星(τ_C ~0.5百万年),因其非常低的自旋下光度(Erot ~6x10^33 erg/s)而引人注目,实际上是非循环伽马射线天体中最低的。钱德拉(0.5-10 keV)的深层X射线观测,加上灵敏的光学/红外地面图像,使我们能够将PSR J 0357 +3205识别为具有软光谱的微弱源,与纯粹的非热发射一致(光子指数伽马=2.53+/-0.25)。吸收柱(NH=8+/-4x10^20 cm^-2)与几百秒差距的距离一致。此外,钱德拉的数据揭示了一个巨大的(9弧分长)延伸特征,显然是从脉冲星突出。它的非热X射线光谱指向脉冲星风高能粒子的同步加速器发射,可能类似于与旋转动力脉冲星相关的其他细长的X射线尾部,并被解释为弓形激波脉冲星风星云(PWNe)。然而,充满活力的论点,以及与PSR J 0357 +3205相关的扩散特征的特殊形态,使弓形激波PWN的解释相当具有挑战性。

英文摘要:

The Large Area Telescope (LAT) onboard the Fermi satellite opened a new era for pulsar astronomy, detecting gamma-ray pulsations from more than 60 pulsars, ~40% of which are not seen at radio wavelengths. One of the most interesting sources discovered by LAT is PSR J0357+3205, a radio-quiet, middle-aged (tau_C ~0.5 Myr) pulsar standing out for its very low spin-down luminosity (Erot ~6x10^33 erg/s), indeed the lowest among non-recycled gamma-ray pulsars. A deep X-ray observation with Chandra (0.5-10 keV), coupled with sensitive optical/infrared ground-based images of the field, allowed us to identify PSR J0357+3205 as a faint source with a soft spectrum, consistent with a purely non-thermal emission (photon index Gamma=2.53+/-0.25). The absorbing column (NH=8+/-4x10^20 cm^-2) is consistent with a distance of a few hundred parsecs. Moreover, the Chandra data unveiled a huge (9 arcmin long) extended feature apparently protruding from the pulsar. Its non-thermal X-ray spectrum points to synchrotron emission from energetic particles from the pulsar wind, possibly similar to other elongated X-ray tails associated with rotation-powered pulsars and explained as bow-shock pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe). However, energetic arguments, as well as the peculiar morphology of the diffuse feature associated with PSR J0357+3205 make the bow-shock PWN interpretation rather challenging.

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