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arXiv 1102.2373cond-mat.othercond-mat.mtrl-sciphysics.flu-dyn
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超流He^4在λ线附近的相互摩擦

Mutual Friction in Superfluid He^4 Near the λ-line

Kerry Kuehn, Guenter Ahlers

摘要:

我们给出了超流氦^[4]在饱和蒸汽压和熔化压力之间的几个等压线上的热阻率ρ的实验结果。测量的温度范围为1 - T_c(q)/T_λ < t < 2{ \times }10^{-5},热通量范围为3 < q < 70 μW/cm ^2。这里t { \equiv } 1-T/T_λ,T_λ是零q极限下的转变温度,T_c是有限q下的转变温度。结果表明,电阻率在T_λ处有一初始奇异性,可用幂律ρ =(t/t0)^{-(mν+α)}描述,其中t0 =(q/q 0)^x。然而,当T_c(q)< T_λ时,奇异性被向更高耗散相的转变所取代。结果表明,mν + α对P有轻微的依赖性,但可以很好地描述为mν + α = 2.76,x = 0.89,q_0 = q_{0,0} - q_{0,1} P,其中q_{0,0} = 401 W/cm^2,q_{0,1} = -5.0 W /{cm^2-bar}。结果表明,Gorter-Mellink互摩擦指数m接近3.46,明显大于经典的m = 3.我们认为,这可能是由于在T_λ附近的逆流的性质所引起的,这种逆流可能涉及湍流的正常流体流动。

英文摘要:

We present experimental results for the thermal resistivity ρ of superfluid He^4 along several isobars between saturated vapor pressure and the melting pressure. The measurements are for the temperature range 1 - T_c(q)/T_λ < t < 2{\times}10^{-5} and the heat-flux range 3 < q < 70 μW/cm^2. Here t {\equiv} 1-T/T_λ, T_λ is the transition temperature in the limit of zero q, and T_c is the transition temperature at finite q. The data suggest that the resistivity has an incipient singularity at T_λ which can be described by the power law ρ = (t/t0)^{-(mν+α)} where t0 = (q/q0)^x. However, the singularity is supplanted by the transition to a more highly dissipative phase at T_c(q) < T_λ. The results suggest a mild dependence of mν + α on P, but can be described quite well by mν + α = 2.76, x = 0.89, and q_0 = q_{0,0} - q_{0,1}P with q_{0,0} = 401 W/cm^2 and q_{0,1} = -5.0 W /{cm^2-bar}. The results imply that the Gorter-Mellink mutual friction exponent m has a value close to 3.46 and is distinctly larger than the classical value m = 3. We suggest that the reason for this may be found in the nature of the counterflow close to T_λ, which is expected to involve turbulent normalfluid flow.

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