We consider the one-loop quantum corrections to the Nielsen-Olesen flux tube of finite length $L$, by imposing periodic boundary conditions. The calculations are based on a recent evaluation of these quantum corrections to the string tension of an infinite vortex. The finite length corrections are finite from the outset. If the computation is restricted to the zero modes we obtain the standard Lüscher term $π/3L$ for a closed string. The inclusion of the other fluctuation modes of Higgs and gauge fields, using the numerically computed trace of the Euclidian Green's function, leads to corrections that decrease exponentially with $L$. We present numerical results for these corrections, discuss their possible relevance, and the limitations of the approach.
In this article, we calculate the classical vortex solution of a spontaneously broken gauge theory interacting with gravity in (2+1)-dimension. We also calculate the conditions for the formation of a (2+1)-dimensional black hole due to magnetic vortex (a Nielsen-Olesen vortex). The semiclassical Hawking temperature for this black hole is calculated, where we see that the temperature of a BTZ black hole increases or decreases without changing the size of the horizon if we insert the magnetic vortex fields in the black hole. Finally, the first law of black hole thermodynamics is described for th…
We study properties of Abrikosov-Nielsen-Olesen (ANO) strings with the Coleman-Weinberg (CW) potential, which we call CW-ANO strings. While the scale-invariant scalar potential has a topologically trivial vacuum admitting no strings at the classical level, quantum correction allows topologically nontrivial vacua and stable string solutions. We find that the system of the CW potential exhibits significant difference from that of the conventional Abelian-Higgs model with the quadratic-quartic potential. While a single-winding string is qualitatively similar in both systems, and the static interv…
Using Mueller's dipole formalism for deep inelastic scattering in QCD, we formulate and solve the evolution for the generating function for the multiplicities of the produced particles, in hadronic processes at high energy. The solution for the multiplicities satisfies Koba-Nielsen-Olesen (KNO) scaling, with good agreement with the recently re-analyzed data from the H1 experiment at HERA (DESY), and the old ALEPH data for hadronic $Z$ decay at LEP (CERN). The same scaling function with KNO scaling, carries to the hadronic multiplicities from jets in electron-positron annihilation. This agreeme…
Within the non-Abelian SU(2) Proca-Higgs theory, we study localised axially symmetric solutions possessing a finite field energy. It is shown that in a certain sense such solutions are analogues of the Nielsen-Olesen tube, since they have a longitudinal magnetic field creating a flux of this field over the central cross-section of the Proca tube. The main difference between the Proca tube and the Nielsen-Olesen tube is that the Proca tube is described by a topologically trivial solution and has finite size, since its energy density decreases exponentially with distance. The dependence of the t…
Metastable Strings in Abelian Higgs Models Embedded in Non-Abelian Theories: Calculating the Decay Rate
我们研究了嵌入非阿贝尔规范理论的U（1）弦的命运，该规范理论具有对称性破缺的分级模式：G->U（1）at V->nothing at v，V>> v.虽然在低能极限下Abrikosov-Nielsen-Olesen弦（通量管）是完全稳定的，但在完整的理论中它是亚稳定的.我们考虑最简单的例子：具有伴随标量和基本标量的SU（2）规范理论中的磁通量管。首先，伴随标量产生真空期望值V，将SU（2）分解为U（1）。然后，在更低的尺度上，基本标量（夸克）发展出真空期望值v，产生了Abrikosov-Nielsen-Olesen弦。(We还考虑第二个破缺U（1）->nothing是由于伴随场引起的替代场景。我们提出一个说明性的例子，描述U（1）中Abrikosov-Nielsen-Olesen弦固有的缠绕在SU（2）中的“解绕”。这一结果决定了弦世界片上不稳定模的有效二维理论。我们计算衰变率（每单位长度的字符串），然后推导出一个普遍的公式。衰减率被指数级抑制。抑制指数正比于电子质量的平方与弦线张力的比值，这在弦线突破电子-反电子对产生时是很自然的。我们将所得结果与描述在磁场中双反双偶产生的Schwinger公式进行了比较。
We compute the one-loop vacuum polarization energies of Abrikosov-Nielsen-Olesen (ANO) vortices with topological charge $n$ in scalar electrodynamics, for the BPS case of equal gauge and scalar masses. This calculation allows us to investigate the relationship between the winding number and the quantum-corrected vortex energy, which in turn determines the stability of higher winding configurations against decay into configurations with unit winding. While the classical energy is proportional to $n$, we find that the vacuum polarization energy is negative and approximately proportional to $n-1$…
We review recent progress in the computation of leading quantum corrections to the energies of classical solitons with topological structure, including multi-soliton models in one space dimension and string configurations in three space dimensions. Taking advantage of analytic continuation techniques to efficiently organize the calculations, we show how quantum corrections affect the stability of solitons in the Shifman-Voloshin model, stabilize charged electroweak strings coupled to a heavy fermion doublet, and bind Nielsen-Olesen vortices at the classical transition between type I and type I…
Mani L. Bhaumik Institute for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles（加州大学洛杉矶分校物理与天文学系马尼·L·巴乌米克理论物理研究所）
Resonance phenomena in vortex-antivortex collisions
Arnold Sommerfeld Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat（阿诺德·索末菲中心，慕尼黑大学）；Max-Planck-Institut fur Physik（马克斯·普朗克物理研究所）；Institute of Theoretical Physics, Jagiellonian University（雅盖隆大学理论物理研究所）；Hiroshima University（广岛大学）
A topological defect in the form of the Abrikosov-Nielsen-Olesen vortex in a space of arbitrary dimension is considered as a gauge-flux-carrying tube that is impenetrable for quantum matter. Charged scalar matter field is quantized in the vortex background with the perfectly rigid (Neumann) boundary condition imposed at the side surface of the vortex. We show that a current circulating around the vortex is induced in the vacuum, if the Compton wavelength of the matter field exceeds the transverse size of the vortex considerably. The vacuum current is periodic in the value of the gauge flux of …
