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arXiv 1102.1013astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA
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模拟星系模拟中星团种群的形成和演化

Modeling the formation and evolution of star cluster populations in galaxy simulations

J. M. Diederik Kruijssen, F. Inti Pelupessy, Henny J. G. L. M. Lamers, Simon F. Portegies Zwart, Vincent Icke

摘要:

星团种群的形成和演化与银河系环境有关。团簇形成是由作用于星系尺度的过程所支配的,而星团的分裂则是由潮汐场驱动的。在本文中,我们提出了一个自洽模型的形成和演化的星团人口,我们结合了一个N体/SPH星系演化代码与半解析模型的星团演化。该模型包括恒星形成,反馈,恒星演化,和星团分裂的两体弛豫和潮汐冲击。我们应用该模型模拟了一套9孤立盘星系和24星系合并。在这些模拟中的个别集群的演化历史进行了讨论,以说明如何集群的环境在时间和空间上的变化。由此产生的破裂率随时间和空间的变化会影响星团人口的性质。集群逃离其密集的形成网站(“集群迁移”)和集群居住在密集的环境(“自然选择”)的优先中断的综合效果意味着人口的平均中断率随集群年龄下降。这影响了星团年龄分布的斜率,它成为恒星形成率密度的函数。星系合并中星系团的演化历史差异很大,并决定了哪些星系团在合并中幸存下来。这会影响合并期间存活集群的年龄分布和位置。我们的结论是,占集群的形成,破坏和轨道历史之间的相互作用,使观察到的集群人口的属性更复杂的解释,从而扩展集群人口的作用,作为星系演化的示踪剂。

英文摘要:

(Abridged) The formation and evolution of star cluster populations are related to the galactic environment. Cluster formation is governed by processes acting on galactic scales, and star cluster disruption is driven by the tidal field. In this paper, we present a self-consistent model for the formation and evolution of star cluster populations, for which we combine an N-body/SPH galaxy evolution code with semi-analytic models for star cluster evolution. The model includes star formation, feedback, stellar evolution, and star cluster disruption by two-body relaxation and tidal shocks. We apply the model by simulating a suite of 9 isolated disc galaxies and 24 galaxy mergers. The evolutionary histories of individual clusters in these simulations are discussed to illustrate how the environment of clusters changes in time and space. The resulting variability of the disruption rate with time and space affects the properties of star cluster populations. The combined effect of clusters escaping their dense formation sites (`cluster migration') and the preferential disruption of clusters residing in dense environments (`natural selection') implies that the mean disruption rate of the population decreases with cluster age. This affects the slope of the cluster age distribution, which becomes a function of the star formation rate density. The evolutionary histories of clusters in a galaxy merger vary widely and determine which clusters survive the merger. This impacts the age distributions and the locations of the surviving clusters at all times during a merger. We conclude that accounting for the interplay between the formation, disruption, and orbital histories of clusters enables a more sophisticated interpretation of observed properties of cluster populations, thereby extending the role of cluster populations as tracers of galaxy evolution.

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