arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
北美退伍军人节(Veterans Day),12 日无更新
arXiv 1101.5280cond-mat.stat-mechphysics.chem-ph
收藏

不可逆反应体系的扩展细致平衡

Extended Detailed Balance for Systems with Irreversible Reactions

A. N. Gorban, G. S. Yablonsky

摘要:

细致平衡原理指出,在平衡中,每一个基本过程都被它的逆过程所平衡。对于许多实际的物理化学复杂系统(如均相燃烧、多相催化氧化、大多数酶反应等),详细的机理包括可逆和不可逆反应。在这种情况下,不能直接应用细致平衡原则。我们将不可逆反应表示为可逆步骤的极限,并获得了具有一些不可逆基元过程的复杂机制的细致平衡原理。我们证明了这些机构的细致平衡的两个结果:结构条件和代数条件,它们共同形成了细致平衡的扩展形式。代数条件是可逆部分的细致平衡原则。结构条件为:不可逆反应的化学计量矢量的凸包与可逆反应的化学计量矢量的线性跨度具有空交点。物理上,这意味着不可逆反应不能包括在定向途径中。扩展形式的细致平衡系统在某些平衡浓度(或活度)趋于零时也是可逆细致平衡系统的极限。令人惊讶的是,极限反应机制的结构关键取决于这种趋向于零的相对速度。

英文摘要:

The principle of detailed balance states that in equilibrium each elementary process is equilibrated by its reverse process. For many real physico-chemical complex systems (e.g. homogeneous combustion, heterogeneous catalytic oxidation, most enzyme reactions etc), detailed mechanisms include both reversible and irreversible reactions. In this case, the principle of detailed balance cannot be applied directly. We represent irreversible reactions as limits of reversible steps and obtain the principle of detailed balance for complex mechanisms with some irreversible elementary processes. We proved two consequences of the detailed balance for these mechanisms: the structural condition and the algebraic condition that form together the extended form of detailed balance. The algebraic condition is the principle of detailed balance for the reversible part. The structural condition is: the convex hull of the stoichiometric vectors of the irreversible reactions has empty intersection with the linear span of the stoichiometric vectors of the reversible reaction. Physically, this means that the irreversible reactions cannot be included in oriented pathways. The systems with the extended form of detailed balance are also the limits of the reversible systems with detailed balance when some of the equilibrium concentrations (or activities) tend to zero. Surprisingly, the structure of the limit reaction mechanism crucially depends on the relative speeds of this tendency to zero.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑