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arXiv 1101.3265astro-ph.SR
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贫金属星表面对流的三维模拟--散射对光球温度层结的影响

Three-dimensional surface convection simulations of metal-poor stars -- The effect of scattering on the photospheric temperature stratification

R. Collet, W. Hayek, M. Asplund, Å. Nordlund, R. Trampedach, B. Gudiksen

摘要:

贫金属晚型恒星的三维辐射流体动力学模型大气层的特点是上层光球层温度比一维低。3D模型的这一特性可以显著影响从温度敏感谱线导出的元素丰度。我们调查是否可以归因于在辐射转移散射的近似处理的金属贫3D模型预测的冷表面温度。我们使用的彩虹代码测试三种不同的方法来处理散射的3D模型大气中的贫金属恒星。首先,我们自洽地求解含有相干散射项的源函数的辐射转移方程。其次,我们解决了辐射转移方程的普朗克源函数,忽略连续散射消光的光学薄层的贡献,这一直是默认模式,在我们以前的模型。第三,我们将散射视为处处的纯吸收,这是CO 5 BOLD模型中的标准情况。我们发现,第二种方法产生的温度结构与冷上层光球层非常相似的正确的相干散射解决方案。相比之下,将散射视为纯吸收会导致明显更热和更浅的温度分层。我们公布的模型和CO 5 BOLD代码生成的模型之间的温度结构的主要差异可以追溯到散射的不同处理。忽略光学薄层中连续散射对消光的贡献,为贫金属恒星的完整辐射转移解提供了一个很好的近似。我们的研究结果表明,我们以前的模型预测的金属贫晚型恒星大气的冷温度分层是不是一个工件的近似处理的散射。

英文摘要:

Three-dimensional (3D) radiative hydrodynamic model atmospheres of metal-poor late-type stars are characterized by cooler upper photospheric layers than their 1D counterparts. This property of 3D models can dramatically affect elemental abundances derived from temperature-sensitive spectral lines. We investigate whether the cool surface temperatures predicted by metal-poor 3D models can be ascribed to the approximated treatment of scattering in the radiative transfer. We use the Bifrost code to test three different ways to handle scattering in 3D model atmospheres of metal-poor stars. First, we solve self-consistently the radiative transfer equation for a source function with a coherent scattering term. Second, we solve the radiative transfer equation for a Planckian source function, neglecting the contribution of continuum scattering to extinction in the optically thin layers; this has been the default mode in previous models of ours. Third, we treat scattering as pure absorption everywhere, which is the standard case in CO5BOLD models. We find that the second approach produces temperature structures with cool upper photospheric layers very similar to the correct coherent scattering solution. In contrast, treating scattering as pure absorption leads to significantly hotter and shallower temperature stratifications. The main differences in temperature structure between our published models and those generated with the CO5BOLD code can be traced to the different treatments of scattering. Neglecting the contribution of continuum scattering to extinction in optically thin layers provides a good approximation to the full radiative transfer solution for metal-poor stars. Our results demonstrate that the cool temperature stratifications predicted for metal-poor late-type stellar atmospheres by previous models of ours are not an artifact of the approximated treatment of scattering.

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