通过Optical Fibers（TTTOF）进行时间传递：校准时钟比较的进展
Time Transfer Through Optical Fibers (TTTOF): Progress on Calibrated Clock Comparisons
摘要：
在过去的几年中，通过光纤的频率信号的传输已经在各种配置中显示出超低的不稳定性。这种点对点连接的出色实验结果是开发一种将频率传递扩展到精确时间传递的方法的动机。我们的目标是使位于PTB园区不同地点的时钟同步，总体不确定度低于100 ps。在即将进行的ACES实验和当地双向卫星时间和频率传输（TWSTFT）装置期间，这种装置可用作连接当地时标与地面站设置的基础设施的一部分。本文报道了光纤时间传输（TTTOF）的进展，类似于众所周知的和长期建立的TWSTFT计划：一个10 MHz的信号通过光纤连接传输到一个远程站点的时间尺度实现使用10 MHz到1PPS分频器。对于时间传输，1PPS输出最初是同步的，然后由第二根光纤连接的TWSTFT设备监测，以观察不稳定性和不确定性。根据未来的进一步需求，可以仅监控传输信号（用于软件校正）或通过添加适当的移相器来实时控制传输信号。我们讨论了适当的校准这样的TTTOF链接的程序，并显示使用光纤长度达两公里，证明所提出的方法是非常适合于设想的目的的实验结果。
英文摘要：
During the last years the transfer of frequency signals through optical fibers has shown ultra low instabilities in various configurations. The outstanding experimental results of such point-to-point connections is motivation to develop a means to extend the frequency transfer to accurate time transfer. We aim at the synchronization of clocks located at different places of the PTB campus with an over-all uncertainty of less than 100 ps. Such an installation can be used as a part of the infrastructure connecting local time scales with the ground station setup during forthcoming ACES experiments and the local two-way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT) installations. This paper reports on the progress on time transfer through optical fibers (TTTOF) similar to the well known and long established TWSTFT scheme: A 10 MHz signal is transferred through an optical fiber connection to a remote site for realization of a time scale using a 10 MHz to 1PPS divider. For time transfer the 1PPS output is initially synchronized and then monitored by TWSTFT equipment connected by a second optical fiber to observe instabilities and uncertainties. Depending on further needs in future the transferred signal can be monitored only (for software correction) or controlled in real time by adding adequate phase shifters. We discuss procedures for a proper calibration of such TTTOF links and show results of experiments using fiber lengths up to two kilometers which prove that the proposed method is well suitable for the envisaged purpose.
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