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arXiv 1012.3175astro-ph.CO
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解释来自年轻尘埃星系的莱曼$α$辐射

Interpreting Lyman $α$ radiation from young, dusty galaxies

Peter Laursen

摘要:

Ly $α$发射线作为高红移宇宙探测器的重要性早已被确立。它主要起源于年轻的大质量恒星附近,并与大块物质的吸积有关,是探测年轻星系的理想选择,年轻星系是我们宇宙的基本组成部分。由于许多不同的过程以不同的方式塑造了Ly $α$光子的光谱和空间分布,因此可以揭示星系的许多物理性质。然而,这也使得对Ly $α$观测的解释变得非常困难。因为Ly $α$是一条共振线,它在中性氢上散射,从源到我们的望远镜的路径长度大大增加,并带着它穿过未知物理条件的区域。在这项工作中,一个数值代码能够逼真地计算的辐射转移的Ly $α$。该代码能够执行的辐射转移中的任意和自适应细化分布的Ly $α$源发射,温度和速度场的星际和星系间介质,以及密度的中性和电离氢,特别重要的是,灰尘。因此,它被应用到模拟在高分辨率的星系,产生了一些新的和有趣的结果,最值得注意的是逃逸分数的Ly $α$光子,尘埃的影响上的线轮廓,和通过星系际介质的传输的影响。此外,显着的检测Ly $α$发射从所谓的“阻尼Ly $α$吸收器”-一种特殊类型的对象被认为是当今的星系的祖先-被提出,和潜在的代码解释意见被证明。

英文摘要:

The significance of the Ly$α$ emission line as a probe of the high-redshift Universe has long been established. Originating mainly in the vicinity of young, massive stars and in association with accretion of large bulks of matter, it is ideal for detecting young galaxies, the fundamental building blocks of our Universe. Since many different processes shape the spectrum and the spatial distribution of the Ly$α$ photons in various ways, a multitude of physical properties of galaxies can be unveiled. However, this also makes the interpretation of Ly$α$ observations notoriously difficult. Because Ly$α$ is a resonant line, it scatters on neutral hydrogen, having its path length from the source to our telescopes vastly increased, and taking it through regions of unknown physical conditions. In this work, a numerical code capable of calculating realistically the radiative transfer of Ly$α$ is presented. The code is capable of performing the radiative transfer in an arbitrary and adaptively refined distribution of Ly$α$ source emission, temperature and velocity field of the interstellar and intergalactic medium, as well as density of neutral and ionized hydrogen, and, particularly important, dust. Accordingly, it is applied to galaxies simulated at high resolution, yielding a number of novel and interesting results, most notably the escape fractions of Ly$α$ photons, the effect of dust on the line profile, and the impact of the transfer through the intergalactic medium. Furthermore, the remarkable detection of Ly$α$ emission from a so-called "damped Ly$α$ absorber" -- a special type of objects thought to be the progenitor of present-day's galaxies -- is presented, and the potential of the code for interpreting observations is demonstrated.

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