相移在周期管中感应电流
Phase shift induces currents in a periodic tube
摘要：
研究了在对称势和时间对称无偏外力作用下沿三维周期管轴运动的过阻尼布朗粒子的平均电流.将空间维度从两个或三个物理维度减少到有效的一维系统不仅需要出现熵势垒，而且需要出现有效的扩散系数。我们发现，管形和电势之间的相移可以打破有效电势的对称性，并可以诱导净电流。在最佳条件下，电流作为温度和相移的函数具有许多交替符号的极值。当温度或相移改变时，电流可能多次反转其方向。我们的模型是描述分子马达沿微管的运动。
英文摘要：
The average current of an overdamped Brownian particle moving along the axis of a three-dimensional periodic tube is investigated in the presence of a symmetric potential and a temporally symmetric unbiased external force. Reduction of the spatial dimensionality from two or three physical dimensions to an effective one dimensional system entails the appearance of not only an entropic barrier but also an effective diffusion coefficient. We find that the phase shift between the tube shape and the potential can break the symmetry of the effective potential and can induce net currents. Under optimal condition, the current as a function of temperature and the phase shift possesses many extrema of alternating signs. The current may reverse its direction several times when temperature or the phase shift is changed. Our model is to describe the movement of molecular motors along microtubule.
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