Electronic collaboration among devices in a geographically localized environment is made possible with the implementation of IEEE 802.11 based wireless ad hoc networks. Dynamic nature of mobile ad hoc networks(MANETs) may lead to unpredictable intervention of attacks or fault occurrence, which consequently may partition the network, degrade its performance, violate the QoS requirements and most importantly, affect bandwidth allocation to mobile nodes in the network. In this paper, we propose a new distributed cluster scheme for MANETs, especially in harsh environments, based on the concept of survivability to support QoS requirements and to protect bandwidth efficiently. With the incorporation of clustering algorithms in survivability technology, we employ a simple network configuration and expect to reduce occurrences of faults in MANETs. At the same time, we address the scalability problem, which represents a great challenge to network configuration. We do expect a simplification of accessing bandwidth allocation with required QoS support for different applications.
Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETS) consists of a collection of mobile nodes without having a central coordination. In MANET, node mobility and dynamic topology play an important role in the performance. MANET provide a solution for network connection at anywhere and at any time. The major features of MANET are quick set up, self organization and self maintenance. Routing is a major challenge in MANET due to it's dynamic topology and high mobility. Several routing algorithms have been developed for routing. This paper studies the AODV protocol and how AODV is performed under multiple connections i…
In Mobile Ad-Hoc networks, broadcasting is a fundamental operation in the network layer. A node transmits a rebroadcast message to any or all other nodes whenever it receives for the first time. It will generate several redundant transmissions and it ends up in a significant downside Broadcast Storm problem. Within the literature, researchers have proposed 2-Hop Neighbour based protocol like DP, TDP, PDP and APDP to reduce broadcast storm in MANETs by choosing the minimum number of forwarding nodes from 1-Hop nodes to cover all 2-Hop nodes.
Maximizing network lifetime is a very challenging issue in routing protocol design for Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks (MANETs), since mobile nodes are powered by limited-capacity batteries. Furthermore, replacing or recharging batteries is often impossible in critical environments (e.g. battlefields, disaster areas, etc.). Energy consumption was considered for a long time equivalent to bandwidth consumption. However, recent works have shown that "energy" and "bandwidth" are substantially different metrics. Moreover, it was found that traditional routing policies such as "the shortest path" one can hav…
In this paper we discuss the state of the art of (mobile) multi-hop ad hoc networking with the aim to present the current status of the research activities and identify the consolidated research areas, with limited research opportunities, and the hot and emerging research areas for which further research is required. We start by briefly discussing the MANET paradigm, and why the research on MANET protocols is now a cold research topic. Then we analyze the active research areas. Specifically, after discussing the wireless-network technologies we analyze four successful ad hoc networking paradig…
Since the seminal work of Grossglauser and Tse [1], the two-hop relay algorithm and its variants have been attractive for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) due to their simplicity and efficiency. However, most literature assumed an infinite buffer size for each node, which is obviously not applicable to a realistic MANET. In this paper, we focus on the exact throughput capacity study of two-hop relay MANETs under the practical finite relay buffer scenario. The arrival process and departure process of the relay queue are fully characterized, and an ergodic Markov chain-based framework is also pro…
The study of Mobile Ad-hoc Network remains attractive due to the desire to achieve better performance and scalability. MANETs are distributed systems consisting of mobile hosts that are connected by multi-hop wireless links. Such systems are self organized and facilitate communication in the network without any centralized administration. MANETs exhibit battery power constraint and suffer scalability issues therefore cluster formation is expensive. This is due to the large number of messages passed during the process of cluster formation. Clustering has evolved as an imperative research domain…
Delay and Disruption Tolerant Networks (DTNs) may lack continuous network connectivity. Routing in DTNs is thus a challenge since it must handle network partitioning, long delays, and dynamic topology. Meanwhile, routing protocols of the traditional Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) cannot work well due to the failure of its assumption that most network connections are available. In this article, a geographic routing protocol is proposed for MANETs in delay tolerant situations, by using no more than one-hop information. A utility function is designed for implementing the under-controlled replica…
MANET is a kind of Ad hoc network with mobile, wireless nodes. Because of its special characteristics like dynamic topology, hop-by-hop communications and easy and quick setup, MANET faced lots of challenges allegorically routing, security and clustering. The security challenges arise due to MANETs self-configuration and self-maintenance capabilities. In this paper, we present an elaborate view of issues in MANET security. Based on MANETs special characteristics, we define three security parameters for MANET. In addition we divided MANET security into two different aspects and discussed each o…
Despite lots of literature has been dedicated to researching the delay performance in two-hop relay (2HR) mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), however, they usually assume the buffer size of each node is infinite, so these studies are not applicable to and thus may not reflect the real delay performance of a practical MANET with limited buffer. To address this issue, in this paper we explore the packet end-to-end delay in a 2HR MANET, where each node is equipped with a bounded and shared relay-buffer for storing and forwarding packets of all other flows. The transmission range of each node can be …
The growing diffusion of wireless-enabled portable devices and the recent advances in Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks (MANETs) open new scenarios where users can benefit from anywhere and at any time for impromptu collaboration. However, energy constrained nodes, low channel bandwidth, node mobility, high channel error rates, channel variability and packet loss are some of the limitations of MANETs. MANETs presents also security challenges. These networks are prone to malicious users attack, because any device within the frequency range can get access to the MANET. There is a need for security mechanis…
Quality of Service (QoS) for MANETs becomes a necessity because of its applications in decisive situations such as battle fields, flood and earth quake. Users belonging to diverse hierarchical category demanding various levels of QoS use MANETs. Sometimes, even a low category user may need to send an urgent message in time critical applications. Hence providing prioritization based on user category and urgency of the message the user is sending becomes necessary. In this paper we propose Enhanced MAC parameters to support Hybrid Dynamic priority in MANETs(H-MAC). It combines both prioritizatio…
A mobile Ad-hoc network (MANET) is a dynamic multi hop wireless network established by a group of nodes in which there is no central administration. Due to mobility of nodes and dynamic network topology, the routing is one of the most important challenges in ad-hoc networks. Several routing algorithms for MANETs have been proposed by the researchers which have been classified into various categories, however, the most prominent categories are proactive, reactive and hybrid. The performance comparison of routing protocols for MANETs has been presented by other researcher also, however, none of …
Recently mobile agents are used to discover services in mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) where agents travel through the network, collecting and sometimes spreading the dynamically changing service information. But it is important to investigate how reliable the agents are for this application as the dependability issues(reliability and availability) of MANET are highly affected by its dynamic nature.The complexity of underlying MANET makes it hard to obtain the route reliability of the mobile agent systems (MAS); instead we estimate it using Monte Carlo simulation. Thus an algorithm for estimati…
Deployment of multimedia applications warrants provisioning of Quality of Service (QoS) in MANET. However, limited battery power, other resource constraints and mobility of nodes make QoS provisioning difficult to achieve in MANET. This difficulty can be overcome by using a cross-layer approach for routing. In [1] Patil et al., proposed a cross-layer routing protocol named Cost Based Power Aware Cross Layer - AODV (CPACL-AODV) which overcomes the limitation of battery power of nodes. Though many similar energy efficient and cross-layer routing protocols have been proposed for MANET, none of th…
Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is a special class of Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) where vehicles are considered as MANET nodes with wireless links. The key difference of VANET and MANET is the special mobility pattern and rapidly changeable topology. There has been significant interest in improving safety and traffic efficiency using VANET. The design of routing protocols in VANET is important and necessary issue for support the smart ITS. Existing routing protocols of MANET are not suitable for VANET. AOMDV is the most important on demand multipath routing protocol. This paper proposes SSD…
Multicast plays an important role in implementing the group communications in bandwidth scarce multihop mobile ad hoc networks. However, due to the dynamic topology of MANETs it is very difficult to build optimal multicast trees and maintaining group membership, making even more challenging to implement scalable and robust multicast in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET). A scalable and energy efficient location aware multicast algorithm, called SEELAMP, for mobile ad hoc networks is presented in the paper that is based on creation of shared tree using the physical location of the nodes for the mul…
Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are a set of mobile nodes which are self-configuring and connected by wireless links automatically as per the defined routing protocol. The absence of a central management agency or a fixed infrastructure is a key feature of MANETs. These nodes communicate with each other by interchange of packets, which for those nodes not in wireless range goes hop by hop. Due to lack of a defined central authority, securitizing the routing process becomes a challenging task thereby leaving MANETs vulnerable to attacks, which results in deterioration in the performance charact…
In Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) all the nodes are freely moves in the absence of without ant centralized coordination system. Due to that the attackers or malicious nodes are easily affected that kind of network and responsible for the routing misbehavior. The routing is network is mandatory to deliver data in between source and destination. In this research we work on security field in MANET and proposed a novel security scheme against routing misbehavior through Black hole attack. The Ad hoc On demand Multipath Routing (AOMDV) protocol is consider for routing and also to improves the routin…
Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes. It dynamically forms a temporary network without using any pre existing network infrastructure or centralized administration i.e. with minimal prior planning. All nodes have routing capabilities and forward data packets to other nodes in multi-hop fashion. As the network is dynamic, the network topology continuously experiences alterations during deployment. The biggest challenge in MANETs is to find a path between communicating nodes. The considerations of the MANET environment and the nature of the mobile nodes create fu…
This paper describes Census, a protocol for data aggregation and statistical counting in MANETs. Census operates by circulating a set of tokens in the network using biased random walks such that each node is visited by at least one token. The protocol is structure-free so as to avoid high messaging overhead for maintaining structure in the presence of node mobility. It biases the random walks of tokens so as to achieve fast cover time; the bias involves short albeit multi-hop gradients that guide the tokens towards hitherto unvisited nodes. Census thus achieves a cover time of O(N/k) and messa…
A Connected Dominating Set (CDS) based virtual backbone plays an important role in wireless ad hoc networks for efficient routing and broadcasting. Each node in the network can select some of its 1-hop neighbors as Multi Point Relay (MPR) to cover all its 2-hop neighbors. A MPR based CDS is a promising approach for broadcasting. A node in the CDS consumes more energy and the energy depletes quickly than non dominating nodes. Although previous CDS construction algorithms achieve good results in terms of the size of CDS, a minimum size CDS does not necessarily guarantee an optimal network perfor…
Nowadays, multimedia and real-time applications consume much network resources and so, need high flow rates and very small transfer delay. The current ad hoc networks (MANETs), in their original state, are not able to satisfy the requirements of quality of service (QoS). Researches for improving QoS in these networks are main topics and a subject of intensive researches. In Adhoc networks, the routing phase plays an important role for improving QoS. Numerous routing protocols (proactive, reactive and hybrid) were proposed. AODV (Adhoc On demand Distance Vector) is probably the more treated in …
Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is the self organizing collection of mobile nodes. The communication in MANET is done via a wireless media. Ad hoc wireless networks have massive commercial and military potential because of their mobility support. Due to demanding real time multimedia applications, Quality of Services (QoS) support in such infrastructure less networks have become essential. QoS routing in mobile Ad-Hoc networks is challenging due to rapid change in network topology. In this paper, we focused to reduce flooding performance of the Fisheye State Routing (FSR) protocol in Grid using …
The mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a wireless network based on a group of mobile nodes without any centralised infrastructure. In civilian data communication, all nodes cannot be homogeneous-type and not do a specific data communication. Therefore, node co-operation and cheat-proof are essential characteristics for successfully running MANETs in civilian data communication. Denial of service and malicious behaviour of the node are the main concerns in securing successful communication in MANETs. This scheme proposed a generic solution to preventing malicious behaviour of the node by the clus…
This paper presents a thorough survey of recent work addressing energy efficient multicast routing protocols and secure multicast routing protocols in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). There are so many issues and solutions which witness the need of energy management and security in ad hoc wireless networks. The objective of a multicast routing protocol for MANETs is to support the propagation of data from a sender to all the receivers of a multicast group while trying to use the available bandwidth efficiently in the presence of frequent topology changes. Multicasting can improve the efficienc…
In our proposed model, the route selection is a function of following parameters: hop count, trust level of node and security level of application. In this paper, to focus on secure neighbor detection, trust factor evaluation, operational mode, route discovery and route selection. The paper mainly address the security of geographic routing. The watchdog identifies misbehaving nodes, while the Pathselector avoids routing packets through these nodes. The watchdog, the pathselector is run by each server. In order to keep the source informed about the destination's mobility, the destination keeps …
In self-organized mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), network functions rely on cooperation of self-interested nodes, where a challenge is to enforce their mutual cooperation. In this paper, we study cooperative packet forwarding in a one-hop unreliable channel which results from loss of packets and noisy observation of transmissions. We propose an indirect reciprocity framework based on evolutionary game theory, and enforce cooperation of packet forwarding strategies in both structured and unstructured MANETs. Furthermore, we analyze the evolutionary dynamics of cooperative strategies, and deriv…
In Heterogeneous mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) congestion occurs with limited resources. Due to the shared wireless channel and dynamic topology, packet transmissions suffer from interference and fading. In heterogeneous ad hoc networks, throughput via a given route is depending on the minimum data rate of all its links. In a route of links with various data rates, if a high data rate node forwards more traffic to a low data rate node, there is a chance of congestion, which leads to long queuing delays in such routes. Since hop count is used as a routing metric in traditional routing, it do …
Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is infrastructureless, self-organizable, multi hop packet switched network. A number of routing protocols for MANETs have been proposed in recent years. Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol is one of the most popular routing protocol for ad hoc networks. This paper presents a novel method to enhance route maintenance part of DSR protocol. Our proposed route maintenance significantly increases the efficiency of the protocol at the time of route failures.
Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is the self organizing collection of mobile nodes. The communication in MANET is done via a wireless media. Ad hoc wireless networks have massive commercial and military potential because of their mobility support. Due to demanding real time multimedia applications, Quality of Services (QoS) support in such infrastructure less networks have become essential. QoS routing in mobile Ad-Hoc networks is challenging due to rapid change in network topology. Consequently, the available state information for routing is inherently imprecise. QoS routing may suffer badly due…
Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of nodes that can be rapidly deployed as a multi-hop network without the aid of any centralized administration. Misbehavior is challenged by bandwidth and energy efficient medium access control and fair share of throughput. Node misbehavior plays an important role in MANET. In this survey, few of the contention window misbehavior is reviewed and compared. The contention window cheating either minimizes the active communication of the network or reduces bandwidth utilization of a particular node. The classification presented is in no case unique but…
Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch（伊斯兰阿扎德大学南德黑兰分校）
Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a dynamic collection of mobile computers without the need for any existing infrastructure. Nodes in a MANET act as hosts and routers. Designing of robust routing algorithms for MANETs is a challenging task. Disjoint multipath routing protocols address this problem and increase the reliability, security and lifetime of network. However, selecting an optimal multipath is an NP-complete problem. In this paper, Hopfield neural network (HNN) which its parameters are optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed as multipath routing algorithm. …
In the current work the effects of hop-by-hop packet loss and retransmissions via ARQ protocols are investigated within a Mobile Ad-hoc NET-work (MANET). Errors occur due to outages and a success probability function is related to each link, which can be controlled by power and rate allocation. We first derive the expression for the network's capacity region, where the success function plays a critical role. Properties of the latter as well as the related maximum goodput function are presented and proved. A Network Utility Maximization problem (NUM) with stability constraints is further formul…
Communication protocols for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) follow either an Optimum Routing Approach (ORA) or the Least Overhead Routing Approach (LORA): With ORA, protocols tend to determine and use the optimal communication structure at every time instant; whereas with LORA, a protocol tends to use a chosen communication structure as long as it exists. In this paper, we study the impact of the ORA and LORA strategies on minimum hop routes and minimum connected dominating sets (MCDS) in MANETs. Our primary hypothesis is that the LORA strategy could yield routes with a larger time-averaged ho…
In this paper we propose a novel architecture, CARD, for resource discovery in large scale Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANets) which, may scale up to thousands of nodes and may span wide geographical regions. Unlike previously proposed schemes, our architecture avoids expensive mechanisms such as global flooding as well as complex coordination between nodes to form a hierarchy. CARD is also independent of any external source of information such as GPS. In our architecture nodes within a limited number of hops from each node form the neighborhood of that node. Resources within the neighborhood can …
Standard congestion control cannot detect link failure losses which occur due to mobility and power scarcity in multi-hop Ad-Hoc network (MANET). Moreover, successive executions of Back-off algorithm deficiently grow Retransmission Timeout (RTO) exponentially for new route. The importance of detecting and responding link failure losses is to prevent sender from remaining idle unnecessarily and manage number of packet retransmission overhead. In contrast to Cross-layer approaches which require feedback information from lower layers, this paper operates purely in Transport layer. This paper expl…
Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that dynamically form a network temporarily without any support of central administration. Moreover, Every node in MANET moves arbitrarily making the multi-hop network topology to change randomly at unpredictable times. There are several familiar routing protocols like DSDV, AODV, DSR, etc...which have been proposed for providing communication among all the nodes in the network. This paper presents a performance comparison of proactive and reactive protocols DSDV, AODV and DSR based on metrics such as throughput, packet del…
Available throughput performance studies for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) suffer from two major limitations: they mainly focus on the scaling law study of throughput, while the exact throughput of such networks remains largely unknown; they usually consider the infinite buffer scenarios, which are not applicable to the practical networks with limited buffer. As a step to address these limitations, this paper develops a general framework for the exact throughput capacity study of a class of buffer-limited MANETs with the two-hop relay. We first provide analysis to reveal how the throughput c…
Security in Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is one of the key challenges due to its special features e.g. hop-by-hop communications, dynamic topology, and open network boundary that received tremendous attention by scholars. Traditional security methods are not applicable in MANET due to its special properties. In this paper, a novel approach called Detecting and Eliminating Black Holes (DEBH) is proposed that uses a data control packet and an additional Black hole Check (BCh) table for detecting and eliminating malicious nodes. Benefiting from trustable nodes, the processing overhead of the sec…
In the performance evaluation of a protocol for an ad hoc network, the protocol should be tested under realistic conditions including, but not limited to, a sensible transmission range, limited buffer space for the storage of messages, representative data traffic models, and realistic movements of the mobile users and several mobility models that represent mobile nodes whose movements are dependent on each other (i.e., group mobility models ).The goal of this paper is to simulate the movements of mobile nodes within a network and present a number of mobility models in order to demonstrate its …
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are formed by a collection of mobile nodes (MNs) that are capable of moving from one location to another location. These networks are widely identified by their unique characteristics such as lack of infrastructure, mobility and multi-hop communication. Unlike traditional (wired) networks, MNs in MANETs do not rely on any infrastructure or central management. Mobility allows MNs to move at different values of speed. Multi-hop communication is used to deliver data across the entire network. Due to mobility and changing network topology, the performance of these n…
AODV is Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector.A mobile ad-hoc network is a self-configuring network of mobile devices connected by wireless. MANET does not have any fixed infrastructure. The device in a MANET is free to move in any direction and will form the connection as per the requirement of the network. Due to changing topology maintenance of factors like Packet loss, End to End Delay, Number of hops, delivery ratio and controlling the network load is of great challenge. This paper mainly concentrates on reducing the factors such as cost, End-to-End Delay, Network Load and Packet loss in AODV …
An admission control scheme should play the role of a coordinator for flows in a data communication network, to provide the guarantees as the medium is shared. The nodes of a wired network can monitor the medium to know the available bandwidth at any point of time. But, in wireless ad hoc networks, a node must consume the bandwidth of neighboring nodes, during a communication. Hence, the consumption of bandwidth by a flow and the availability of resources to any wireless node strictly depend upon the neighboring nodes within its transmission range. We present a scalable and efficient admission…
A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of autonomous nodes that communicate with each other by forming a multi-hop radio network and maintaining connections in a decentralized manner. Security remains a major challenge for these networks due to their features of open medium, dynamically changing topologies, reliance on cooperative algorithms, absence of centralized monitoring points, and lack of clear lines of defense. Most of the routing protocols for MANETs are thus vulnerable to various types of attacks. For security, these protocols are highly dependent on cryptographic key exchan…
Quality of Service (QoS) is now regarded as a requirement for all networks in managing resources like bandwidth and avoidance of network impairments like packet loss, jitter, and delay. Media transfer or streaming would be virtually impossible if QoS parameters were not used even if the streaming protocols were perfectly designed. QoS Scheduling classes help in network traffic optimization and the priority management of packets. This paper presents an analysis of QoS scheduling classes using video traffic in a MANET. The main objective was to identify a scheduling class that provides better Qo…
The performance of Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANET) depends on the cooperation of all active nodes. However, supporting a MANET is a cost-intensive activity for a mobile node. From a single mobile node perspective, the detection of routes as well as forwarding packets consume local CPU time, memory, network-bandwidth, and last but not least energy. We believe that this is one of the main factors that strongly motivate a mobile node to deny packet forwarding for others, while at the same time use their services to deliver its own data. This behavior of an independent mobile node is commonly known…
In this paper, we propose a new quality link metric, interference and bandwidth adjusted ETX (IBETX) for wireless multi-hop networks. As MAC layer affects the link performance and consequently the route quality, the metric therefore, tackles the issue by achieving twofold MAC-awareness. Firstly, interference is calculated using cross-layered approach by sending probes to MAC layer. Secondly, the nominal bit rate information is provided to all nodes in the same contention domain by considering the bandwidth sharing mechanism of 802.11. Like ETX, our metric also calculates link delivery ratios t…
This paper focuses on a class of important two-hop relay mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) with limited-buffer constraint and any mobility model that leads to the uniform distribution of the locations of nodes in steady state, and develops a general theoretical framework for the end-to-end (E2E) delay modeling there. We first combine the theories of Fixed-Point, Quasi-Birth-and-Death process and embedded Markov chain to model the limiting distribution of the occupancy states of a relay buffer, and then apply the absorbing Markov chain theory to characterize the packet delivery process, such that…
In recent year's computational capability of the mobile nodes have been greatly improved. The mobile nodes have the capability of running different applications. Implementation of services in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) increases the flexibility of using mobile devices for running a wide variety of applications. Single service cannot satisfy the user needs. The complex needs of the users can be satisfied by the service composition. Service composition means, combining the atomic services into a complex service. In this paper we propose QoS constraint service composition in MANETs. We consi…
The high-level contribution of this paper is to establish benchmarks for the minimum hop count per source-receiver path and the minimum number of edges per tree for multicast routing in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) under different mobility models. In this pursuit, we explore the tradeoffs between these two routing strategies with respect to hop count, number of edges and lifetime per multicast tree with respect to the Random Waypoint, City Section and Manhattan mobility models. We employ the Breadth First Search algorithm and the Minimum Steiner Tree heuristic for determining a sequence of …
Multicast communication plays a crucial role in Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs). MANETs provide low cost, self configuring devices for multimedia data communication in military battlefield scenarios, disaster and public safety networks (PSN). Multicast communication improves the network performance in terms of bandwidth consumption, battery power and routing overhead as compared to unicast for same volume of data communication. In recent past, a number of multicast routing protocols (MRPs) have been proposed that tried to resolve issues and challenges in MRP. Multicast based group communication…
This paper presents an effective algorithm for selecting cluster heads in mobile ad hoc networks using ant colony optimization. A cluster in an ad hoc network consists of a cluster head and cluster members which are at one hop away from the cluster head. The cluster head allocates the resources to its cluster members. Clustering in MANET is done to reduce the communication overhead and thereby increase the network performance. A MANET can have many clusters in it. This paper presents an algorithm which is a combination of the four main clustering schemes- the ID based clustering, connectivity …
Datacenters need networks that support both low-latency and high-bandwidth packet delivery to meet the stringent requirements of modern applications. We present Opera, a dynamic network that delivers latency-sensitive traffic quickly by relying on multi-hop forwarding in the same way as expander-graph-based approaches, but provides near-optimal bandwidth for bulk flows through direct forwarding over time-varying source-to-destination circuits. The key to Opera's design is the rapid and deterministic reconfiguration of the network, piece-by-piece, such that at any moment in time the network imp…
A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of autonomous nodes that communicate with each other by forming a multi-hop radio network and maintaining connections in a decentralized manner. Security remains a major challenge for these networks due to their features of open medium, dynamically changing topologies, reliance on cooperative algorithms,absence of centralized monitoring points, and lack of clear lines of defense. Most of the routing protocols for MANETs are thus vulnerable to various types of attacks. Ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing (AODV) is a very popular routing algor…
Wireless Mesh Networks improve their capacities by equipping mesh nodes with multi-radios tuned to non-overlapping channels. Hence the data forwarding between two nodes has multiple selections of links and the bandwidth between the pair of nodes varies dynamically. Under this condition, a mesh node adopts machine learning mechanisms to choose the possible best next hop which has maximum bandwidth when it intends to forward data. In this paper, we present a machine learning based forwarding algorithm to let a forwarding node dynamically select the next hop with highest potential bandwidth capac…
State-of-the-art Internet traffic engineering uses source-based explicit routing via MPLS or Segment Routing. Though widely adopted in practice, source routing can face certain inefficiencies and operational issues, caused by its use of bandwidth reservations. In this work, we make the case for Hop-by-Hop (HBH) Traffic Engineering: splitting traffic among nexthops at every router, rather than splitting traffic among paths only at edge routers. We show that HBH traffic engineering can achieve the original goals of MPLS (i.e., efficient use of network resources), with a much simpler design that …
In multi-hop mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs),mobile nodes cooperate with each other without using any infrastructure such as access points or base stations. Security remains a major challenge for these networks due to their features of open medium, dynamically changing topologies, reliance on cooperative algorithms, absence of centralized monitoring points, and lack of clear lines of defense. Among the various attacks to which MANETs are vulnerable, malicious packet dropping attack is very common where a malicious node can partially degrade or completely disrupt communication in the network by…
The routing performance in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) relies on the co-operation of the individual nodes that constitute the network. The existence of misbehaving nodes may paralyze the routing operation in MANETs. To overcome this behavior, the trustworthiness of the network nodes should be considered in the route selection process combined with the hop count. The trustworthiness is achieved by measuring the trust value for each node in the network. In this paper, a new protocol based on self monitoring (agent-based) and following the dynamic source routing (DSR) algorithm is presented. …
In this paper, we study and improve the recovery properties of single and multipath routing strategies when facing network failure situations. In particular, we focus our study on two MANET routing protocols: OLSR and its multipath extension MP-OLSR. In various wireless multi-hop network environments, especially in multiple chain topologies, we define and seek to evaluate the latency introduced by these protocols to find a new path after a link failure. Theoretical estimations and simulation results show that, under dual chain-topologies, this latency can be too long and incompatible with the …
