MANET is a kind of Ad hoc network with mobile, wireless nodes. Because of its special characteristics like dynamic topology, hop-by-hop communications and easy and quick setup, MANET faced lots of challenges allegorically routing, security and clustering. The security challenges arise due to MANETs self-configuration and self-maintenance capabilities. In this paper, we present an elaborate view of issues in MANET security. Based on MANETs special characteristics, we define three security parameters for MANET. In addition we divided MANET security into two different aspects and discussed each one in details. A comprehensive analysis in security aspects of MANET and defeating approaches is presented. In addition, defeating approaches against attacks have been evaluated in some important metrics. After analyses and evaluations, future scopes of work have been presented.
This paper presents a secure communication application called DiscoverFriends. Its purpose is to securely communicate to a group of online friends while bypassing their respective social networking servers under a mobile ad hoc network environment. DiscoverFriends leverages Bloom filters and a hybrid encryption technique with a self-organized public-key management scheme to securely identify friends and provide authentication. Additionally, DiscoverFriends enables anonymous location check-ins by utilizing a new cryptographic primitive called Function Secret Sharing. Finally, to the best of our…
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) is a technology that has been recently emerged, and bring a lot of interests. VANET can be used to improve road safety, reduce road traffic, serve interests of its users, and provide emergency services. The security is one of the most important issues in VANET, it is considered a critical point in the development of robust VANET systems. In this paper, a diverse types of security challenges and requirements of VANET will be discussed, and a set of possible solutions for VANET security problems and attacks will be presented and analyzed. Also this paper will pr…
Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are dynamic networks populated by mobile stations, or mobile nodes (MNs). Specifically, MANETs consist of a collection of nodes randomly placed in a line (not necessarily straight). Mobile Ad hoc Networks do appear in many real-world network applications such as a vehicular Mobile Ad hoc Networks built along a highway in a city environment or people in a particular location. Mobile Nodes in Mobile Ad hoc Networks are usually laptops, Personal Digital Assistants or mobile phones. These devices may use Blue-tooth and/or IEEE 802.11 network interfaces and communica…
Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are dynamic networks populated by mobile stations, or mobile nodes (MNs). Mobility model is a hot topic in many areas, for example, protocol evaluation, network performance analysis and so on.How to simulate MNs mobility is the problem we should consider if we want to build an accurate mobility model. When new nodes can join and other nodes can leave the network and therefore the topology is dynamic.Specifically, Mobile Ad hoc Networks consist of a collection of nodes randomly placed in a line (not necessarily straight). Mobile Ad hoc Networks do appear in many …
We have proposed a novel approach to Service Discovery in Mobile Ad hoc Networks. We have simulated the proposed approach in JIST/SWANS simulator and the results have shown significant performance improvement.
A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of autonomous nodes that communicate with each other by forming a multi-hop radio network and maintaining connections in a decentralized manner. Security remains a major challenge for these networks due to their features of open medium, dynamically changing topologies, reliance on cooperative algorithms, absence of centralized monitoring points, and lack of clear lines of defense. Most of the routing protocols for MANETs are thus vulnerable to various types of attacks. For security, these protocols are highly dependent on cryptographic key exchan…
In this paper, we present an identity (ID) based protocol that secures AODV and TCP so that it can be used in dynamic and attack prone environments of mobile ad hoc networks. The proposed protocol protects AODV using Sequential Aggregate Signatures (SAS) based on RSA. It also generates a session key for each pair of source-destination nodes of a MANET for securing the end-to-end transmitted data. Here each node has an ID which is evaluated from its public key and the messages that are sent are authenticated with a signature/ MAC. The proposed scheme does not allow a node to change its ID throu…
Mobile ad-hoc networks(MANET) is the collection of mobile nodes which are self organizing and are connected by wireless links where nodes which are not in the direct range communicate with each other relying on the intermediate nodes. As a result of trusting other nodes in the route, a malicious node can easily compromise the security of the network. A black-hole node is the malicious node which drops the entire packet coming to it and always shows the fresh route to the destination, even if the route to destination doesn't exist. This paper describes a scheme that will detect the intrusion in…
The mobile ad-hoc network consists of energy constraint devices called nodes communicating through radio signals forming a temporary network i.e. nodes are continuously switching from one network to another. To minimize the power consumption, we form the clusters with an elected cluster head (Service Provider) based on any cluster head selection strategy.To establish a trusted link amongst newly entered node and CH we have adopted an indirect trust computation technique based on recommendations, which form an important component in trust-based access control models for pervasive environment.In…
A new era is dawning for wireless mobile ad hoc networks where communication will be done using a group of mobile devices called cluster, hence clustered network. In a clustered network, protocols used by these mobile devices are different from those used in a wired network; which helps to save computation time and resources efficiently. This paper focuses on Cluster-Based Routing Protocol and Dynamic Source Routing. The results presented in this paper illustrates the implementation of Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector routing protocol for enhancing mobile nodes performance and lifetime in a cl…
An ad hoc network is a self-organizing network with help of Access Point (AP) of wireless links connecting nodes to another. The nodes can communicate without infrastructure network. They form an random topology (BSS/ESS), where the nodes play the role of routers and are free to move arbitrarily. Ad hoc networks confirmed their efficiency being used in different fields but they are highly vulnerable to security attacks and dealing with this is one of the main challenges of these networks today. In recent times, a few solutions are proposed to provide authentication, confidentiality, availabili…
This paper presents a new approach in the management of mobile ad hoc networks. Our alternative, based on mobile agent technology, allows the design of mobile centralized server in ad hoc network, where it is not obvious to think about a centralized management, due to the absence of any administration or fixed infrastructure in these networks. The aim of this centralized approach is to provide permanent availability of services in ad hoc networks which are characterized by a distributed management. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, we apply it to solve the problem …
Protecting the network layer from malicious attacks is an important and challenging security issue in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). In this paper, a security mechanism is proposed to defend against a cooperative gray hole attack on the well known AODV routing protocol in MANETs. A gray hole is a node that selectively drops and forwards data packets after it advertises itself as having the shortest path to the destination node in response to a route request message from a source node. The proposed mechanism does not apply any cryptographic primitives on the routing messages. Instead, it prot…
In this paper we study mobile ad hoc wireless networks using the notion of evolving connectivity graphs. In such systems, the connectivity changes over time due to the intermittent contacts of mobile terminals. In particular, we are interested in studying the expected flooding time when full connectivity cannot be ensured at each point in time. Even in this case, due to finite contact times durations, connected components may appear in the connectivity graph. Hence, this represents the intermediate case between extreme cases of fully mobile ad hoc networks and fully static ad hoc networks. By …
Network capacity region is an important character of mobile ad hoc networks. Using cell-partitioned model, an expression of upper bound of delay-tolerant hybrid mobile ad hoc network is deduced regardless of coverage of base stations, types of mobile process, scheduling and routing algorithms. The limitation of the upper bound is derived, Analysis of the limitation of upper bound is carried out when the steady-state follows even-distribution law. The relationship among limitation of capacity, the node density and coverage of base station is analyzed.
Ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that dynamically form a temporary network without the use of any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. A cognitive radio is a radio that can change its transmitter parameters based on interaction with the environment in which it operates. The basic idea of cognitive radio networks is that the unlicensed devices (cognitive radio users or secondary users) need to vacate the spectrum band once the licensed device (primary user) is detected. Cognitive capability and reconfigurability are the key characteristics of cog…
The performance of Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANET) depends on the cooperation of all active nodes. However, supporting a MANET is a cost-intensive activity for a mobile node. From a single mobile node perspective, the detection of routes as well as forwarding packets consume local CPU time, memory, network-bandwidth, and last but not least energy. We believe that this is one of the main factors that strongly motivate a mobile node to deny packet forwarding for others, while at the same time use their services to deliver its own data. This behavior of an independent mobile node is commonly known…
Maximizing network lifetime is a very challenging issue in routing protocol design for Mobile Ad-hoc NETworks (MANETs), since mobile nodes are powered by limited-capacity batteries. Furthermore, replacing or recharging batteries is often impossible in critical environments (e.g. battlefields, disaster areas, etc.) The proposed MEA-DSR (Multipath Energy-Aware on Demand Source Routing) protocol uses a load distribution policy in order to maximize network lifetime. The simulation results have shown the efficiency of the proposed protocol in comparison to DSR routing protocol in many difficult sce…
Using Mobile Ad Hoc Networks as a way to break the dependency of mobile communications on permanent infrastructure has been an active area of research for several years, but only more recently has consideration been given to the economics of a distributed mobile service. In particular, the topic of handling nodes that act selfishly or maliciously has not yet been explored in detail. In this paper, we discuss the SAVMAN strategy for mobile offloading under the rules of the 2013 MANIAC Challenge.
In this paper we propose a method to enhance the life time as well as improve the performance of the mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). Since MANET consists of devices that run on batteries, having limited amount of energy and due to the self-configuring and dynamic change of topology, all operations are performed by the node itself.
In multi-hop mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs),mobile nodes cooperate with each other without using any infrastructure such as access points or base stations. Security remains a major challenge for these networks due to their features of open medium, dynamically changing topologies, reliance on cooperative algorithms, absence of centralized monitoring points, and lack of clear lines of defense. Among the various attacks to which MANETs are vulnerable, malicious packet dropping attack is very common where a malicious node can partially degrade or completely disrupt communication in the network by…
Many mobile ad hoc network protocols use simple flooding, in order to adapt to changes in time varying network topology. Most of the times, a network-wide flood results in redundant packets and increases network congestion, probability of packet collision, low utilization of available bandwidth, and most important, higher power consumption. In this paper, we propose a new cross-layer broadcast scheme to minimize broadcast traffic in mobile ad hoc networks. Our scheme is based on use of received signal strength indicator, RSSI, value to reduce the number of broadcast packets. The effectiveness …
This paper presents a comprehensive summery of different energy efficient protocols that are based on the basic Mechanism of DSR and enlightens the effort and commitment that has been made since last 10 year to turn the traditional DSR as energy efficient routing protocol.
Efficient message forwarding in mobile ad hoc network in disaster scenarios is challenging because location information on the boundary and interior nodes is often unavailable. Information related to boundary nodes can be used to design efficient routing protocols as well as to prolong the battery power of devices along the boundary of an ad hoc network. In this article, we developed an algorithm, CWBound, which discovers boundary nodes in a complex non-convex mobile ad hoc (CNCAH) networks. Experiments show that the CWBound algorithm is at least three times faster than other state-of-the-art …
A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of autonomous nodes that communicate with each other by forming a multi-hop radio network and maintaining connections in a decentralized manner. Security remains a major challenge for these networks due to their features of open medium, dynamically changing topologies, reliance on cooperative algorithms,absence of centralized monitoring points, and lack of clear lines of defense. Most of the routing protocols for MANETs are thus vulnerable to various types of attacks. Ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing (AODV) is a very popular routing algor…
Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of two or more devices or nodes or terminals with wireless communications and networking capability that communicate with each other without the aid of any centralized administrator also the wireless nodes that can dynamically form a network to exchange information without using any existing fixed network infrastructure. And it's an autonomous system in which mobile hosts connected by wireless links are free to be dynamically and some time act as routers at the same time, and we discuss in this paper the distinct characteristics of traditional wire…
Wireless sensor networks increasingly become viable solutions to many challenging problems and will successively be deployed in many areas in the future. However, deploying new technology without security in mind has often proved to be unreasonably dangerous. We propose a security architecture for self-organizing mobile wireless sensor networks that prevents many attacks these networks are exposed to. Furthermore, it limits the security impact of some attacks that cannot be prevented. We analyse our security architecure and show that it provides the desired security aspects while still being a…
We have proposed a novel Grid Based Dynamic Energy Efficient Routing (GBDEER) approach which is aimed to construct an energy efficient path from source to destination based on grid area, where each grid will have three deferent levels of transmission power.
As a consequence of the growing popularity of smart mobile devices, mobile malware is clearly on the rise, with attackers targeting valuable user information and exploiting vulnerabilities of the mobile ecosystems. With the emergence of large-scale mobile botnets, smartphones can also be used to launch attacks on mobile networks. The NEMESYS project will develop novel security technologies for seamless service provisioning in the smart mobile ecosystem, and improve mobile network security through better understanding of the threat landscape. NEMESYS will gather and analyze information about th…
The mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a wireless network based on a group of mobile nodes without any centralised infrastructure. In civilian data communication, all nodes cannot be homogeneous-type and not do a specific data communication. Therefore, node co-operation and cheat-proof are essential characteristics for successfully running MANETs in civilian data communication. Denial of service and malicious behaviour of the node are the main concerns in securing successful communication in MANETs. This scheme proposed a generic solution to preventing malicious behaviour of the node by the clus…
Cooperative caching is a technique used in mobile ad hoc networks to improve the efficiency of information access by reducing the access latency and bandwidth usage. Cache replacement policy plays a significant role in response time reduction by selecting suitable subset of items for eviction from the cache. In this paper we have made a review of the existing cache replacement algorithms proposed for cooperative caching in ad hoc networks. We made an attempt to classify existing replacement policies for ad hoc networks based on the replacement decision taken. In addition, this paper suggests s…
In this paper, we propose an ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing algorithm for mobile ad-hoc networks taking into account node mobility. Changeable topology of such mobile ad-hoc networks provokes overhead messages in order to search available routes and maintain found routes. The overhead messages impede data delivery from sources to destination and deteriorate network performance. To overcome such a challenge, our proposed algorithm estimates link duration based neighboring node mobility and chooses the most reliable route. The proposed algorithm also applies the estimate for route main…
Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is one of the promising wireless networking approaches where a group of wireless devices can establish communication among themselves without any infrastructure. MANET has successfully been implemented in the emergency communication, battlefield and Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) etc. Recently, MANET has also been studied to establish village level off-the-grid telephony system using mobile phones (smartphones). As the mobile phones and other modern electronic devices are increasingly equipped with efficient wireless Wi-Fi devices, phone based MANET implementati…
We present comparative analysis of MANET (Mobile Ad-Hoc Network) and VANET (Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network) routing protocols, in this paper. The analysis is based on various design factors. The traditional routing protocols of AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector), DSR (Dynamic Source Routing), and DSDV (Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector) of MANET are utilizing node centric routing which leads to frequent breaking of routes, causing instability in routing. Usage of these protocols in high mobility environment like VANET may eventually cause many packets to drop. Route repairs and failures not…
This Article presents a thorough overview of QoS routing metrics, resources and factors affecting performance of QoS routing protocols. The relative strength, weakness, and applicability of existing QoS routing protocols are also studied and compared. QoS routing protocols are classified according to the QoS metrics used type of QoS guarantee assured.
Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that dynamically form a network temporarily without any support of central administration. Moreover, Every node in MANET moves arbitrarily making the multi-hop network topology to change randomly at unpredictable times. There are several familiar routing protocols like DSDV, AODV, DSR, etc...which have been proposed for providing communication among all the nodes in the network. This paper presents a performance comparison of proactive and reactive protocols DSDV, AODV and DSR based on metrics such as throughput, packet del…
Security remains as a major concern in the mobile ad hoc networks. This paper presents a new protocol SD-AODV, which is an extension of the exiting protocol AODV. The proposed protocol is made secure and dynamic against three main types of routing attacks- wormhole attack, byzantine attack and blackhole attack. SD-AODV protocol was evaluated through simulation experiments done on Glomosim and performance of the network was measured in terms of packet delivery fraction, average end-to-end delay, global throughput and route errors of a mobile ad hoc network where a defined percentage of nodes be…
Force-directed algorithms such as the Kamada-Kawai algorithm have shown promising results for solving the boundary detection problem in a mobile ad hoc network. However, the classical Kamada-Kawai algorithm does not scale well when it is used in networks with large numbers of nodes. It also produces poor results in non-convex networks. To address these problems, this paper proposes an improved version of the Kamada-Kawai algorithm. The proposed extension includes novel heuristics and algorithms that achieve a faster energy level reduction. Our experimental results show that the improved algori…
Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is now days become very famous due to their fixed infrastructure-less quality and dynamic nature. They contain a large number of nodes which are connected and communicated to each other in wireless nature. Mobile ad hoc network is a wireless technology that contains high mobility of nodes and does not depend on the background administrator for central authority, because they do not contain any infrastructure. Nodes of the MANET use radio wave for communication and having limited resources and limited computational power. The Topology of this network is changing ve…
Simulation and Performance Analysis of MP-OLSR for Mobile Ad hoc Networks
移动自组织网络（Mobile Ad Hoc Networks，MANDO）是由一组无线移动节点组成的网络，这些节点不依赖于固定的基站或有线骨干网，可以动态地交换数据，这使得路由问题成为自组织网络设计中的一个关键问题。本文讨论了一种混合多路径路由协议MP-OLSR。它基于链路状态算法，采用周期性的消息交换来维护网络的拓扑信息。同时，它以按需方式更新路由表，并在源端确定的多条路径上转发数据包。如果检测到链路故障，算法会自动恢复路由。针对无线网络的不稳定性，采用了冗余编码的方法来提高传输率。NS 2仿真结果表明，新协议能有效地提高网络的性能。
Routing in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) presents a big challenge, especially when support for a large number of nodes is needed. This paper extends the local visibility concept of the recent DHT-based URBAN_XOR routing protocol, which aims to reduce routing table sizes while keeping efficiency high. Our main contribution is providing a guarantee that if any two nodes are connected through other nodes, they are able to communicate with each other. We propose a new route acquisition method that aims to reduce the total amount of overhead traffic and improve convergence rate. In addition, we i…
In mobile adhoc networks, congestion occurs with limited resources. The standard TCP congestion control mechanism is not able to handle the special properties of a shared wireless channel. TCP congestion control works very well on the Internet. But mobile adhoc networks exhibit some unique properties that greatly affect the design of appropriate protocols and protocol stacks in general, and of congestion control mechanism in particular. As it turned out, the vastly differing environment in a mobile adhoc network is highly problematic for standard TCP. Many approaches have been proposed to over…
Designing a wireless node that supports quality of service (QoS) in a mobile ad hoc network is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose an architecture of a wireless node that may be used to form a mobile ad hoc network that supports QoS. We discuss the core functionalities required for such a node and how those functionalities can be incorporated. A feature of our architecture is that the node has the ability to utilize multiple paths, if available, for the provision of QoS. However, in the absence of multiple paths it can utilize the resources provided by a single path between the sourc…
Vehicular traffic is a foremost problem in modern cities. Huge amount of time and resources are wasted while traveling due to traffic congestion. With the introduction of sophisticated traffic management systems, such as those incorporating dynamic traffic assignments, more stringent demands are being placed upon the available real time traffic data. In this paper we have proposed mobile agent as a mechanism to handle the traffic problem on road. Mobile software agents can be used to provide the better QoS (Quality of Service) in vehicular ad hoc network to improve the safety application and d…
Volume and movement of data rapidly increasing in every type of data communications and networking, and ad hoc networks are not spared from these challenges. Traditional Multipath routing protocols in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) did not focus on data load distribution and balancing as much as required. In this scheme, we have proposed data load distribution and balancing through multiple paths simultaneously. We have considered three important parameters of ad hoc network those are: mobility of node, the energy of node and packet drop rate at a node. This scheme combines these three metric…
Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a dynamic multihop wireless network which is established by a set of mobile nodes on a shared wireless channel. One of the major issues in MANET is routing due to the mobility of the nodes. Routing means the act of moving information across an internet work from a source to a destination. When it comes to MANET, the complexity increases due to various characteristics like dynamic topology, time varying QoS requirements, limited resources and energy etc. QoS routing plays an important role for providing QoS in wireless ad hoc networks. The most complex issue in …
The aim of this work is to model the nodes battery discharge in wireless ad hoc networks. Many work focus on the energy consumption in such networks. Even, the research in the highest layers of the ISO model, takes into account the energy consumption and efficiency. Indeed, the nodes that form such network are mobiles, so no instant recharge of battery. Also with special type of ad hoc networks are wireless sensors networks using non-rechargeable batteries. All nodes with an exhausted battery are considered death and left the network. To consider the energy consumption, in this work we model u…
With the proliferation of mobile computing devices, the demand for continuous network connectivity regardless of physical location has spurred interest in the use of mobile ad hoc networks. Since Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the standard network protocol for communication in the internet, any wireless network with Internet service need to be compatible with TCP. TCP is tuned to perform well in traditional wired networks, where packet losses occur mostly because of congestion. However, TCP connections in Ad-hoc mobile networks are plagued by problems such as high bit error rates, freq…
In the mobile ad hoc networks the major role is played by the routing protocols in order to route the data from one mobile node to another mobile node. But in such mobile networks, routing protocols are vulnerable to various kinds of security attacks such as blackhole node attacks. The routing protocols of MANET are unprotected and hence resulted into the network with the malicious mobile nodes in the network. These malicious nodes in the network are basically acts as attacks in the network. In this paper, we modify the existing DSR protocol with the functionality of attacks detection without …
What is the impact of obstacles on the graphs of connections between stations in Mobile Ad hoc Networks? In order to answer, at least partially, this question, the first step is to define both an environment with obstacles and a mobility model for the stations in such an environment. The present paper focuses on a new way of considering the mobility within environments with obstacles, while keeping the core ideas of the well-known Random WayPoint mobility model (a.k.a RWP). Based on a mesh-partitioning of the space, we propose a new model called RSP-O-G for which we compute the spatial distrib…
In recent year's computational capability of the mobile nodes have been greatly improved. The mobile nodes have the capability of running different applications. Implementation of services in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) increases the flexibility of using mobile devices for running a wide variety of applications. Single service cannot satisfy the user needs. The complex needs of the users can be satisfied by the service composition. Service composition means, combining the atomic services into a complex service. In this paper we propose QoS constraint service composition in MANETs. We consi…
A sequence number checking technique is proposed to improve the performance of TCP connections in mobile ad hoc networks. While a TCP connection is initialized, a routing protocol takes the responsibility for checking the hop count between a source and destination pair. If the hop count is greater than a predefined value, the routing protocol decides to use a proxy node. The responsibility of a proxy node is to check the correctness of data packets and inform the missing packets by sending an acknowledgement from a proxy node to the source node. By doing so, the source node is able to retransm…
This paper conducts a detailed simulation study of stateless anycast routing in a mobile wireless ad hoc network. The model covers all the fundamental aspects of such networks with a routing mechanism using a scheme of orientation-dependent inter-node communication links. The simulation system Winsim is used which explicitly represents parallelism of events and processes in the network. The purpose of these simulations is to investigate the effect of node s maximum speed, and different TTL over the network performance under two different scenarios. Simulation study investigates five practicall…
Performance of routing protocols in mobile ad-hoc networks is greatly affected by the dynamic nature of nodes, route failures, wireless channels with variable bandwidth and scalability issues. A mobility model imitates the real world movement of mobile nodes and is central component to simulation based studies. In this paper we consider mobility nodes which mimic the vehicular motion of nodes like Manhattan mobility model and City Section mobility model. We also propose a new Group Vehicular mobility model that takes the best features of group mobility models like Reference Point Group mobilit…
This paper discusses a new energy aware routing scheme which uses variable transmission range. The protocol has been incorporated along with the route discovery procedure of AODV as a case study. Both the protocols are simulated using Network Simulator and comparisons are made to analyze their performance based on energy consumption, network lifetime and number of alive nodes metrics for different network scenarios. The results show that EAR makes effective node energy utilization.
