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arXiv 1012.1019cond-mat.mes-hallmath-phmath.MPmath.OA
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拓扑绝缘体与C^*-代数:理论与数值实践

Topological Insulators and C^*-Algebras: Theory and Numerical Practice

M. B. Hastings, T. A. Loring

摘要:

我们将$C^*$ -代数的思想应用于无序拓扑绝缘体的研究。我们从自由费米哈密顿量中提取了某些几乎可换矩阵,描述了带投影坐标矩阵。通过考虑拓扑障碍,近似这些矩阵的确切交换矩阵,我们能够计算不变量量化不同的拓扑相位。我们将以前的二维结果推广到更高维度;我们给出了任意维度和几个对称类(包括手征对称性类)的拓扑不变量的一般表达式,并且我们给出了详细的$K$ -理论处理该表达式用于时间反转不变的三维系统。我们可以利用这些结果来证明这些系统不存在局部化的Wannier函数。我们使用这种方法来计算指数的时间反演不变的系统与自旋轨道散射在三维空间中,大小高达$12^3$,平均超过大量的样本。结果表明,一个有趣的分离之间的本地化过渡和点的平均指数(这可以被看作是一个“序参量“的拓扑绝缘体)开始波动从样品到样品,这意味着存在一个意想不到的量子相变分离两个不同的离域相在这个系统中。我们提出的$C^*$ -代数技术的一个特别优点是,它在实践中比其他计算指数的方法快得多,从而可以研究更大的系统。在本文中,我们提出了一个详细的讨论我们的方法的数值实现。

英文摘要:

We apply ideas from $C^*$-algebra to the study of disordered topological insulators. We extract certain almost commuting matrices from the free Fermi Hamiltonian, describing band projected coordinate matrices. By considering topological obstructions to approximating these matrices by exactly commuting matrices, we are able to compute invariants quantifying different topological phases. We generalize previous two dimensional results to higher dimensions; we give a general expression for the topological invariants for arbitrary dimension and several symmetry classes, including chiral symmetry classes, and we present a detailed $K$-theory treatment of this expression for time reversal invariant three dimensional systems. We can use these results to show non-existence of localized Wannier functions for these systems. We use this approach to calculate the index for time-reversal invariant systems with spin-orbit scattering in three dimensions, on sizes up to $12^3$, averaging over a large number of samples. The results show an interesting separation between the localization transition and the point at which the average index (which can be viewed as an "order parameter" for the topological insulator) begins to fluctuate from sample too sample, implying the existence of an unsuspected quantum phase transition separating two different delocalized phases in this system. One of the particular advantages of the $C^*$-algebraic technique that we present is that it is significantly faster in practice than other methods of computing the index, allowing the study of larger systems. In this paper, we present a detailed discussion of numerical implementation of our method.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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