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arXiv 1011.6587astro-ph.GA
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NGC 3603中的光子主导区

Photon Dominated Regions in NGC 3603

M. Röllig, C. Kramer, C. Rajbahak, T. Minamidani, K. Sun, R. Simon, V. Ossenkopf, M. Cubick, M. Hitschfeld, M. Aravena, F. Bensch, F. Bertoldi, L. Bronfman, M. … 展开作者

M. Röllig, C. Kramer, C. Rajbahak, T. Minamidani, K. Sun, R. Simon, V. Ossenkopf, M. Cubick, M. Hitschfeld, M. Aravena, F. Bensch, F. Bertoldi, L. Bronfman, M. Fujishita, Y. Fukui, U. U. Graf, N. Honingh, S. Ito, H. Jakob, K. Jacobs, U. Klein, B. -C. Koo, J. May, M. Miller, Y. Miyamoto, N. Mizuno, T. Onishi, Y. -S. Park, J. Pineda, D. Rabanus, H. Sasago, R. Schieder, J. Stutzki, H. Yamamoto, Y. Yonekura

摘要:

目的:我们的目标是推导出星际气体的激发条件以及NGC 3603周围分子云中的局部FUV强度,以获得气体如何被中心恒星激发的相干图像。研究方法:NANTEN 2 - 4 m亚毫米波天线被用于绘制年轻OB星团NGC 3603 YC周围2' x 2'区域内的[CI] 1-0、2-1和CO 4-3、7-6谱线。这些数据与C18 O 2-1数据,HIRES处理的红外光谱60和100微米的FIR连续图,和斯皮策/IRAC地图相结合。结果如下:NANTEN 2的观测结果显示,在星团的东南和西南方向存在两个分子团,并证实了之前的CS和C18 O观测已经发现的整体结构。我们发现CO和[CI]的峰强度的轻微位置偏移,并且原子碳似乎与分子材料相比进一步延伸。我们使用的HIRES远红外尘埃数据,得出一个地图的FUV场加热尘埃。我们将FUV场约束为x = 3 - 6 \times 10 ^3的值,单位为云上的Draine场。总FUV能量的约0.2%至0.3%在ISO观察到的[CII] 158 μm冷却线中重新发射。应用LTE和逃逸概率计算,(TMM 1 = 43 K,TMM 2 = 47 K)、柱密度(N(MM 1)= 0.9 \times 10^22 cm^-2,N(MM 2)= 2.5 \times 10^22 cm^-2)和密度(n(MM 1)= 3 \times 10^3 cm^-3,n(MM2)= 10^3 - 10^4 cm^-3)。结论:团簇与周围的分子云有很强的相互作用,控制着它的结构和物理条件。稳定性分析表明存在着引力坍缩的气体团,这些气体团应该会导致恒星的形成。在分子云的外围已经观察到了嵌入式红外光源,这似乎支持了我们的结论。

英文摘要:

Aims: We aim at deriving the excitation conditions of the interstellar gas as well as the local FUV intensities in the molecular cloud surrounding NGC 3603 to get a coherent picture of how the gas is energized by the central stars. Methods: The NANTEN2-4m submillimeter antenna is used to map the [CI] 1-0, 2-1 and CO 4-3, 7-6 lines in a 2' x 2' region around the young OB cluster NGC 3603 YC. These data are combined with C18O 2-1 data, HIRES-processed IRAS 60 and 100 micron maps of the FIR continuum, and Spitzer/IRAC maps. Results: The NANTEN2 observations show the presence of two molecular clumps located south-east and south-west of the cluster and confirm the overall structure already found by previous CS and C18O observations. We find a slight position offset of the peak intensity of CO and [CI], and the atomic carbon appears to be further extended compared to the molecular material. We used the HIRES far-infrared dust data to derive a map of the FUV field heating the dust. We constrain the FUV field to values of χ= 3 - 6 \times 10^3 in units of the Draine field across the clouds. Approximately 0.2 to 0.3 % of the total FUV energy is re-emitted in the [CII] 158 μm cooling line observed by ISO. Applying LTE and escape probability calculations, we derive temperatures (TMM1 = 43 K, TMM2 = 47 K), column densities (N(MM1) = 0.9 \times 10^22 cm^-2, N(MM2) = 2.5 \times 10^22 cm^-2) and densities (n(MM1) = 3 \times 10^3 cm^-3, n(MM2) = 10^3 -10^4 cm^-3) for the two observed molecular clumps MM1 and MM2. Conclusions: The cluster is strongly interacting with the ambient molecular cloud, governing its structure and physical conditions. A stability analysis shows the existence of gravitationally collapsing gas clumps which should lead to star formation. Embedded IR sources have already been observed in the outskirts of the molecular cloud and seem to support our conclusions.

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