The ability to generate a change of the lattice parameter in a near-surface layer of a controllable thickness by ion implantation of strontium titanate is reported here using low energy He+ ions. The induced strain follows a distribution within a typical near-surface layer of 200 nm as obtained from structural analysis. Due to clamping effect from the underlying layer, only perpendicular expansion is observed. Maximum distortions up to 5-7% are obtained with no evidence of amorphisation at fluences of 1E16 He+ ions/cm2 and ion energies in the range 10-30 keV.
We show a method to control magnetic interfacial effects in multilayers with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) using helium (He$^{+}$) ion irradiation. We report results from SQUID magnetometry, ferromagnetic resonance as well as Brillouin light scattering results on multilayers with DMI as a function of irradiation fluence to study the effect of irradiation on the magnetic properties of the multilayers. Our results show clear evidence of the He$^{+}$ irradiation effects on the magnetic properties which is consistent with interface modification due to the effects of the He$^{+}$ irradiat…
Elastic interactions play an important role in controlling irradiation damage evolution, but remain largely unexplored experimentally. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution on-axis transmission Kikuchi diffraction (HR-TKD), we correlate the evolution of irradiation-induced damage structures and the associated lattice strains in self-ion irradiated pure tungsten. TEM reveals different dislocation loop structures as a function of sample thickness, suggesting that free surfaces limit the formation of extended defect structures found in thicker samples. HR-TKD strain ana…
Plastic deformation of microsamples is characterised by large intermittent strain bursts caused by dislocation avalanches. Here we investigate how ion irradiation affects this phenomenon during single slip single crystal plasticity. To this end, in situ compression of Zn micropillars oriented for basal slip was carried out in a SEM. The unique experimental setup also allowed the concurrent recording of the acoustic emission (AE) signals emitted from the sample during deformation. It was shown that irradiation introduced a homogeneous distribution of basal dislocation loops that lead to hardeni…
Motivated by the recently observed unconventional Hall effect in ultra-thin films of ferromagnetic SrRuO$_3$ (SRO) we investigate the effect of strain-induced oxygen octahedral distortion in the electronic structure and anomalous Hall response of the SRO ultra-thin films by virtue of density functional theory calculations. Our findings reveal that the ferromagnetic SRO films grown on SrTiO$_3$ (in-plane strain of $-$0.47$\%$) have an orthorhombic (both tilting and rotation) distorted structure and with an increasing amount of substrate-induced compressive strain the octahedral tilting angle is…
Using the notion of eigenstrain produced by the defects formed in a material exposed to high energy neutron irradiation, we develop a method for computing macroscopic elastic stress and strain arising in components of a fusion power plant during operation. In a microstructurally isotropic material, the primary cause of macroscopic elastic stress and strain fields is the spatial variation of neutron exposure. We show that under traction-free boundary conditions, the volume-average elastic stress always vanishes, signifying the formation of a spatially heterogeneous stress state, combining compr…
A novel concept of varying the strain hardening rate of a medium Mn steel with 8 wt\% Mn by varying the duration of the intercritical anneal after hot rolling was explored. It was found that the stability of the austenite phase showed an inverse square root relationship with intercritical annealing duration and that the maximum strain hardening rate showed a linear relationship with austenite stability. The change in austenite stability was attributed to continuous Mn enrichment with increasing intercritical annealling duration. Twinned martensite was also found to be the most likely product o…
Ion-irradiated FeCr alloys are useful for understanding and predicting neutron-damage in the structural steels of future nuclear reactors. Previous studies have largely focused on the structure of irradiation-induced defects, probed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as changes in mechanical properties. Across these studies, a wide range of irradiation conditions has been employed on samples with different processing histories, which complicates the analysis of the relationship between defect structures and material properties. Furthermore, key properties, such as irradiation-i…
The compressive strain induced work function modulation in boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) has been studied. The compressive strain arose due to the irradiation of 30 keV Au beam on thin films of BNNS. Before irradiation BNNS was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, where using Tauc plot the bandgap of chemically synthesized BNNS from commercial hBN powder has been calculated as well as the layer numbers on thin films also quantified using an empirical relation exploiting the full width at half maxima (FWHM) of Raman peak of BNNS. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) ima…
Understanding defect production and evolution under irradiation is a long-standing multi-scale problem. Conventionally, experimental examination of irradiation-induced defects (IIDs) has mainly relied on transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which offers high spatial resolution but requires destructive sample preparation. Furthermore, limited field of view and low strain sensitivity make multi-scale characterisation and quantitative strain measurements difficult. Here we explore the potential of using advanced techniques in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) to non-destructively probe ir…
Combining spatially resolved X-ray Laue diffraction with atomic-scale simulations, we observe how ion-irradiated tungsten undergoes a series of non-linear structural transformations with increasing irradiation exposure. Nanoscale defect-induced deformations accumulating above 0.02 displacements per atom (dpa) lead to highly fluctuating strains at ~0.1 dpa, collapsing into a driven quasi-steady structural state above ~1 dpa. The driven asymptotic state is characterized by finely dispersed vacancy defects coexisting with an extended dislocation network, and exhibits positive volumetric swelling …
Tailoring Kinetics on a Topological Insulator Surface by Defect-Induced Strain: Pb Mobility on Bi2Te3
基于Bi $_{2}$ Te $_{3}$型拓扑绝缘体（TI）的异质外延结构表现出奇异的量子现象。为了最佳地表征这些现象，需要在这样的TI上的膜生长期间控制界面结构。在这个过程中，吸附原子的迁移率是一个关键因素。研究表明，在Si（111）-7 $\times$ 7衬底上生长的Bi $_{2}$ Te $_{3}$（111）薄膜中，由于点状缺陷的存在，在薄膜表面产生了工程局部应变ε，从而改变了Pb在Bi $_{2}$ Te $_{3}$（111）表面的迁移率.用扫描隧道显微镜观察了Pb在Bi $_{2}$ Te $_{3}$（111）表面上的吸附能和扩散势垒EPDMATHABMP，并对吸附能和扩散势垒进行了第一性原理密度泛函理论（DFT）分析.令人惊讶的是，由于在临界拉伸应变ε $_{c}$ 0.8%处稳定吸附位点的位置出现分叉，E $_d$显示出对ε的尖点样依赖性。这构成了一个非常不同的应变依赖性的扩散率从所有以前的研究集中在传统的金属或半导体表面。动力学Monte Carlo模拟铅沉积，扩散，不可逆聚集结合DFT结果揭示吸附原子和集群分布与我们的实验观察兼容。
We present a novel approach for tailoring the laser induced surface topography upon femtosecond-fs pulsed laser irradiation. The method employs spatially controlled double fs laser pulses to actively regulate the hydrodynamic microfluidic motion of the melted layer that gives rise to the structures formation. The pulse train used, in particular, consists of a previously unexplored spatiotemporal intensity combination including one pulse with Gaussian and another with periodically modulated intensity distribution created by Direct Laser Interference Patterning (DLIP). The interpulse delay is ap…
Ion beam plays a pivotal role in ion implantations and the fabrication of nanostructures. However, there lacks a quantitative model to describe the residual stresses associated with the ion-beam radiation. Radiation-induced residual stress/transformation strain have been mostly recognized in the hydrostatic sub strain space. Here, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to show that the response of a material to irradiation is generally anisotropic that depends on the ion-beam direction, and should be described using tensorial quantities. We demonstrate that accelerator-based ion beam irrad…
Transient Ferromagnetism in Ultrafast Phase Transitions in Perovskites under XUV Irradiation: A Comparative Study of SrTiO3 and KTaO3
Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences（捷克科学院物理研究所）；Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague（布拉格捷克理工大学核科学与物理工程学院）；Institute of Plasma Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences（捷克科学院等离子体物理研究所）
The bulk irradiation of materials with 10-30 MeV protons promises to advance the study of radiation damage for fission and fusion power plants. Intermediate energy proton beams can now be dedicated to materials irradiation within university-scale laboratories. This paper describes the first such facility, with an Ionetix ION-12SC cyclotron producing 12 MeV proton beams. Samples are mm-scale tensile specimens with thicknesses up to 300 um, mounted to a cooled beam target with control over temperature. A specialized tensile tester for radioactive specimens at high temperature (500+ °C) and/or va…
Tailoring the properties of YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{7-δ}$ thin films by 30-keV He$^+$ irradiation: An enabling route to superconducting device nanopatterning
University of Vienna（维也纳大学）；Universität Tübingen, Physikalisches Institut, Center for Quantum Science (CQ) and LISA +（蒂宾根大学物理学院，量子科学中心（CQ）和LISA+）
We propose a theoretical approach to quantitatively determine the photothermally driven enhancement of molecular mobility of graphene-indomethacin mixtures under infrared laser irradiation. Graphene plasmons absorb incident electromagnetic energy and dissipate them into heat. The absorbed energy depends on optical properties of graphene plasmons, which are sensitive to structural parameters, and concentration of plasmonic nanostructures. By using theoretical model, we calculate temperature gradients of the bulk drug with different concentrations of graphene plasmons. From these, we determine t…
Ion irradiation is a powerful tool to tune properties of semiconductors and, in particular, of gallium oxide (Ga2O3) which is a promising ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor exhibiting phase instability for high enough strain/disorder levels. In the present paper we observed an interesting interplay between the disorder and strain in monoclinic \b{eta}-Ga2O3 single crystals by comparing atomic and cluster ion irradiations as well as atomic ions co-implants. The results obtained by a combination of the channeling technique, x-ray diffraction and theoretical calculations show that the disorder accu…
Magneto-ionic control of magnetic properties through ionic migration has shown promise in enabling new functionalities in energy-efficient spintronic devices. In this work, we demonstrate the effect of helium ion irradiation and oxygen implantation on magneto-ionically induced exchange bias effect in Gd/Ni$_{0.33}$Co$_{0.67}$O heterostructures. Irradiation using $He^+$ leads to an expansion of the Ni$_{0.33}$Co$_{0.67}$O lattice due to strain relaxation. At low He+ fluence ($\leq$ 2$\times$10$^{14}$ ions cm$^{-2}$), the redox-induced interfacial magnetic moment initially increases, owing to en…
Modification of Surface Properties in Ruthenium Thin Films through Nitrogen Ion Irradiation
Lovely Professional University（洛维普洛弗大学）；UPES Dehradun（德里敦 UPES 大学）；Inter University Accelerator Centre（跨大学加速器中心）；Amity University Noida（诺伊达阿美蒂大学）；Samrat Ashok Rajkiya Engineering College（萨姆拉特阿肖克拉吉亚工程学院）；DIT University（DIT 大学）
Developing a comprehensive understanding of the modification of material properties by neutron irradiation is important for the design of future fission and fusion power reactors. Self-ion implantation is commonly used to mimic neutron irradiation damage, however an interesting question concerns the effect of ion energy on the resulting damage structures. The reduction in the thickness of the implanted layer as the implantation energy is reduced results in the significant quandary: Does one attempt to match the primary knock-on atom energy produced during neutron irradiation or implant at a mu…
