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arXiv 1010.2152astro-ph.SRastro-ph.HE
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研究快速旋转M-矮星的日冕饱和和超饱和

Investigating coronal saturation and super-saturation in fast-rotating M-dwarf stars

R. D. Jeffries, R. J. Jackson, K. R. Briggs, P. A. Evans, J. P. Pye

摘要:

在快速旋转速率下,G型和K型恒星的日冕活动被观察到“饱和”,然后在更快的旋转速率下再次下降-这种现象被称为“超饱和”。在本文中,我们研究了快速旋转的M-矮星的日冕活动,使用深XMM-牛顿观测的97个低质量恒星的已知旋转周期的年轻疏散星团NGC 2547,并结合这些低质量场和已知旋转周期的星团恒星的X射线调查。与G矮星和K矮星一样,我们发现M矮星的日冕活动随着Rossby数N_R(周期与对流周转时间的比值)的减小而增加,当对数N_R <-0.8时,活动在L_x/L_bol ~ 10^-3处达到饱和。然而,M矮星并没有令人信服地表现出超饱和现象,尽管在我们的样本中存在许多log N_R <-1.8的天体,在这些天体中,在更高质量的恒星中观察到了超饱和现象。相反,短的自转周期似乎是超饱和的主要预测因素; K矮星的P <=0.3d,M矮星的P <=0.2d。这些观测结果支持超饱和的“离心剥离”模型,其中日冕结构被迫打开或变得辐射不稳定,因为开普勒共同旋转半径在X射线发射日冕体积内移动。

英文摘要:

At fast rotation rates the coronal activity of G- and K-type stars has been observed to "saturate" and then decline again at even faster rotation rates -- a phenomenon dubbed "super-saturation". In this paper we investigate coronal activity in fast-rotating M-dwarfs using deep XMM-Newton observations of 97 low-mass stars of known rotation period in the young open cluster NGC 2547, and combine these with published X-ray surveys of low-mass field and cluster stars of known rotation period. Like G- and K-dwarfs, we find that M-dwarfs exhibit increasing coronal activity with decreasing Rossby number N_R, the ratio of period to convective turnover time, and that activity saturates at L_x/L_bol ~ 10^-3 for log N_R < -0.8. However, super-saturation is not convincingly displayed by M-dwarfs, despite the presence of many objects in our sample with log N_R < -1.8, where super-saturation is observed to occur in higher mass stars. Instead, it appears that a short rotation period is the primary predictor of super-saturation; P <=0.3d for K-dwarfs and perhaps P <=0.2d for M-dwarfs. These observations favour the "centrifugal stripping" model for super-saturation, where coronal structures are forced open or become radiatively unstable as the Keplerian co-rotation radius moves inside the X-ray emitting coronal volume.

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