自旋冰中的磁单极动力学
Magnetic Monopole Dynamics in Spin Ice
摘要：
涌现准粒子的最显着的例子之一，是被称为“自旋冰”的材料的低能量配置中的磁偶极子的“分馏”，通过库仑1/r定律相互作用成自由和无约束的磁单极子[Castelnovo et.例如，Nature，451，42-45（2008）]。最近的实验表明，磁荷的库仑气体在低温下确实存在于这些材料中，这一发现提供了一个新的视角，否则很大程度上无法实现的现象。在本文中，不同的自旋冰模型的审查后，我们提出了详细的结果描述的扩散动力学的双极自旋冰模型和直接从库仑气体内的巨正则系综的双粒子。用Metropolis动力学模拟了真实自旋冰材料在“量子隧穿”机制下的扩散准粒子动力学，粒子被约束沿着一个基本的定向路径网络移动，这是连接狄拉克单极对的狄拉克弦的经典类似物。
英文摘要：
One of the most remarkable examples of emergent quasi-particles, is that of the "fractionalization" of magnetic dipoles in the low energy configurations of materials known as "spin ice", into free and unconfined magnetic monopoles interacting via Coulomb's 1/r law [Castelnovo et. al., Nature, 451, 42-45 (2008)]. Recent experiments have shown that a Coulomb gas of magnetic charges really does exist at low temperature in these materials and this discovery provides a new perspective on otherwise largely inaccessible phenomenology. In this paper, after a review of the different spin ice models, we present detailed results describing the diffusive dynamics of monopole particles starting both from the dipolar spin ice model and directly from a Coulomb gas within the grand canonical ensemble. The diffusive quasi-particle dynamics of real spin ice materials within "quantum tunneling" regime is modeled with Metropolis dynamics, with the particles constrained to move along an underlying network of oriented paths, which are classical analogues of the Dirac strings connecting pairs of Dirac monopoles.
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