作为“自旋冰”概念推广的“彩色三极冰”
"Color-tripole ice" as a conceptual generalization of "spin ice"
摘要：
“自旋冰”是在“烧绿石”材料Ho_{2} Ti_{2} O_{7}、Dy_{2} Ti_{2} O_{7}、Ho_{2} Sn_{2} O_{7}等中实现的奇特类型的受抑磁体，其中磁性原子（自旋）驻留在由角共享四面体的顶点构成的子晶格上。每个自旋都是关于一个局部轴的伊辛类，该局部轴连接两个四面体的中心，共享自旋所占据的顶点。这些磁体的宏观简并基态在每个四面体内遵循“二进二出”的“冰规则”。磁单极子和反磁单极子作为元激发出现，将组成磁偶极子“细分”。该系统也是一种新型的统计力学系统。在这里，我们介绍了一个概念概括的“自旋冰”，我们将所谓的“色三极冰”，其中三种类型的“色荷”可以出现作为基本的激发，这是阿贝尔近似的色荷在高能物理学。两个二维（2D）模型首先介绍，其中的色电荷被发现是一维和受约束的2D，分别。然后简要讨论了这两个模型到3D的推广，在第二个模型中，色荷可能是3D的。保林型估计的“剩余（或零点）熵”也为这些模型。
英文摘要：
"Spin Ice" is an exotic type of frustrated magnet realized in "pyrochlore" materials Ho_{2}Ti_{2}O_{7}, Dy_{2}Ti_{2}O_{7}, Ho_{2}Sn_{2}O_{7}, etc., in which magnetic atoms (spins) reside on a sublattice made of the vertices of corner-sharing tetrahedra. Each spin is Ising-like with respect to a local axis which connects the centers of two tetrahedra sharing the vertex occupied by the spin. The macroscopically degenerate ground states of these magnets obey the "two-in two-out" "ice rule" within each tetrahedron. Magnetic monopoles and anti-monopoles emerge as elementary excitations, "fractionalizing" the constituent magnetic dipoles. This system is also a novel type of statistical mechanical system. Here we introduce a conceptual generalization of "spin ice" to what we shall call "color-tripole ice", in which three types of "color charges" can emerge as elementary excitations, which are Abelian approximations of the color charges introduced in high energy physics. Two two-dimensional (2D) models are introduced first, where the color charges are found to be 1D and constrained 2D, respectively. Generalizations of these two models to 3D are then briefly discussed, In the second one the color charges are likely 3D. Pauling-type estimates of the "residual (or zero-point) entropy" are also made for these models.
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