轻子味违反新物理与超新星爆炸
Lepton flavor violating New Physics and supernova explosion
摘要：
核心坍缩超新星内核中的电子和电子中微子是高度简并的，因此在爆炸的几秒钟内数量众多。相比之下，其他味的轻子是非简并的，因此相对稀少。这是由于轻子味道守恒。如果这个守恒定律被一些非标准的相互作用打破，电子中微子就会转化为μ子和τ中微子，电子也会转化为μ子。这会以几种方式影响超新星动力学和超新星中微子信号。特别是，总的中微子亮度在第一秒的崩溃增加，由于更大的自由程的非电子中微子。这种效应可能会产生重要的后果，因为众所周知，中微子亮度的增加会促进爆炸。我们考虑介导轻子味破坏的标量双轻子对标准模型的推广。结果表明，在TeV质量的双轻子的情况下，电子费米气体与非电子物种内部的超新星核心在（1-100）ms的顺序的时间尺度上的平衡。特别是，标量三重态产生中微子质量通过跷跷板II型机制被认为是。在这种情况下，没有观测到稀有衰变和中微子混合和中微子质量的数据限制了可能的轻子味破坏效应。然而，在模型的参数空间中存在一个区域，它适合所有的实验约束，并提供足够的轻子味破坏在超新星中的可观察到的影响。
英文摘要：
Electrons and electron neutrinos in the inner core of the core-collapse supernova are highly degenerate and therefore numerous during a few seconds of explosion. In contrast, leptons of other flavors are non-degenerate and therefore relatively scarce. This is due to lepton flavor conservation. If this conservation law is broken by some non-standard interactions, electron neutrinos are converted to muon and tau-neutrinos, and electrons -- to muons. This affects the supernova dynamics and the supernova neutrino signal in several ways. In particular, the total neutrino luminosity in the first second of the collapse is increased due to the larger free path of the non-electron neutrinos. This effect may have important consequences as the increase of the neutrino luminosity is known to facilitate the explosion. We consider an extension of the Standard Model by scalar bileptons which mediate lepton flavor violation. It is shown that in case of TeV-mass bileptons the electron fermi gas is equilibrated with non-electron species inside the inner supernova core at a time-scale of order of (1-100) ms. In particular, a scalar triplet which generates neutrino masses through the see-saw type II mechanism is considered. Non-observation of rare decays and data on neutrino mixing and neutrino masses restrict possible lepton flavor violation effects in this case. However a region in the parameter space of the model exists which fits all the experimental constraints and provides lepton flavor violation sufficient for observable effects in supernova.
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