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arXiv 1006.0490astro-ph.SRhep-exhep-phnucl-exnucl-th
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用中微子探测热核超新星爆炸

Probing thermonuclear supernova explosions with neutrinos

A. Odrzywolek, T. Plewa

摘要:

目的:本文给出了两种典型Ia型超新星爆炸模型的中微子光变曲线和能谱:纯爆燃和延迟爆轰。研究方法:我们计算中微子通量从$β$过程使用核统计平衡丰度卷积近似中微子谱的单个核和热中微子谱(对+等离子体)。结果如下:虽然这两个被认为是热核超新星爆炸的情况下,预计将产生几乎相同的电磁输出,它们的中微子签名似乎有很大的不同,这使得一个明确的识别爆炸机制:一个纯粹的爆燃产生一个单一的中微子光变曲线的峰值,而第二个最大的特点是延迟爆炸。我们确定了以下中微子信号的主要贡献者:(1)来自电子捕获(特别是质子Co 55和Ni 56)的弱电子中微子发射以及热核火焰和/或爆炸前沿产生的大量β活性核,(2)来自中子正电子捕获的电子反中微子,以及(3)来自对湮灭的热发射。我们估计,在1千秒差距的距离纯爆燃超新星爆炸将触发约14个事件在未来的50千吨液体闪烁探测器和约19个事件在0.5万吨水切伦科夫型探测器。结论:虽然与核心坍缩超新星相比,中微子只携带热核超新星爆炸中产生的能量的一小部分,但SN Ia中微子信号提供的信息使我们能够明确区分不同的可能爆炸场景。这些研究将成为可行的下一代拟议的中微子观测站。

英文摘要:

Aims: We present neutrino light curves and energy spectra for two representative type Ia supernova explosion models: a pure deflagration and a delayed detonation. Methods: We calculate the neutrino flux from $β$ processes using nuclear statistical equilibrium abundances convoluted with approximate neutrino spectra of the individual nuclei and the thermal neutrino spectrum (pair+plasma). Results: Although the two considered thermonuclear supernova explosion scenarios are expected to produce almost identical electromagnetic output, their neutrino signatures appear vastly different, which allow an unambiguous identification of the explosion mechanism: a pure deflagration produces a single peak in the neutrino light curve, while the addition of the second maximum characterizes a delayed-detonation. We identified the following main contributors to the neutrino signal: (1) weak electron neutrino emission from electron captures (in particular on the protons Co55 and Ni56) and numerous beta-active nuclei produced by the thermonuclear flame and/or detonation front, (2) electron antineutrinos from positron captures on neutrons, and (3) the thermal emission from pair annihilation. We estimate that a pure deflagration supernova explosion at a distance of 1 kpc would trigger about 14 events in the future 50 kt liquid scintillator detector and some 19 events in a 0.5 Mt water Cherenkov-type detector. Conclusions: While in contrast to core-collapse supernovae neutrinos carry only a very small fraction of the energy produced in the thermonuclear supernova explosion, the SN Ia neutrino signal provides information that allows us to unambiguously distinguish between different possible explosion scenarios. These studies will become feasible with the next generation of proposed neutrino observatories.

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