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arXiv 0907.5407astro-ph.SR
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作为热核反应堆的大质量恒星及其在核心坍缩后的爆炸

Massive stars as thermonuclear reactors and their explosions following core collapse

Alak Ray

摘要:

核反应改变恒星内部的原子核。这就是恒星核合成的过程。综述了测定恒星内部核反应速率的基本概念。恒星如何在大多数时间里如此缓慢地燃烧燃料也被考虑在内。恒星热核反应涉及质子在流体静力燃烧的第一次讨论。然后我讨论了氦燃烧阶段的三重α反应。碳和氧之所以能在红巨星中存活下来,是因为氧和氖的原子核结构。接下来讨论在静止条件下碳、氖、氧和硅的进一步核燃烧。在随后的核心崩溃阶段,由于电子捕获费米海在一个简并的核心顶部的中子化发生。计算了来自附近超新星的中微子的预期信号。超新星通常在致密的星周介质中爆炸,这是由于祖星在恒星风或双星系统中的质量转移中失去了最外层的包层。在光学,红外,无线电和X射线波段的观测揭示了星周介质和超新星喷出物的性质及其动力学,我讨论了其中的一些观测结果及其解释。

英文摘要:

Nuclear reactions transform atomic nuclei inside stars. This is the process of stellar nucleosynthesis. The basic concepts of determining nuclear reaction rates inside stars are reviewed. How stars manage to burn their fuel so slowly most of the time are also considered. Stellar thermonuclear reactions involving protons in hydrostatic burning are discussed first. Then I discuss triple alpha reactions in the helium burning stage. Carbon and oxygen survive in red giant stars because of the nuclear structure of oxygen and neon. Further nuclear burning of carbon, neon, oxygen and silicon in quiescent conditions are discussed next. In the subsequent core-collapse phase, neutronization due to electron capture from the top of the Fermi sea in a degenerate core takes place. The expected signal of neutrinos from a nearby supernova is calculated. The supernova often explodes inside a dense circumstellar medium, which is established due to the progenitor star losing its outermost envelope in a stellar wind or mass transfer in a binary system. The nature of the circumstellar medium and the ejecta of the supernova and their dynamics are revealed by observations in the optical, IR, radio, and X-ray bands, and I discuss some of these observations and their interpretations.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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