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arXiv 1010.0477astro-ph.EP
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恒星摄动和银河潮汐对奥尔特云彗星影响的统一理论

A Unified Theory for the Effects of Stellar Perturbations and Galactic Tides on Oort Cloud Comets

Benjamin F. Collins, Re'em Sari

摘要:

我们研究的影响,通过场星的角动量的近径向轨道的奥尔特云彗星绑定到太阳。我们推导出的概率密度函数(PDF)的角动量的变化,从一个恒星的遭遇,假设一个均匀和各向同性的扰动场。我们证明了总角动量遵循Levy飞行,并确定了它的分布函数。如果扰动速度的方向分布不对称,则角动量矢量的每个分量的边际概率分布可能不同。恒定的扭矩归因于银河潮汐产生的扰动与一个碰撞参量的订单半长轴的彗星的非取消。当近距离相遇很少时,角动量最好用恒星相遇的随机增长来模拟。如果彗星和太阳之间的轨道经常发生,角动量表现出一致的增长归因于银河系潮汐。

英文摘要:

We examine the effects of passing field stars on the angular momentum of a nearly radial orbit of an Oort cloud comet bound to the Sun. We derive the probability density function (PDF) of the change in angular momentum from one stellar encounter, assuming a uniform and isotropic field of perturbers. We show that the total angular momentum follows a Levy flight, and determine its distribution function. If there is an asymmetry in the directional distribution of perturber velocities, the marginal probability distribution of each component of the angular momentum vector can be different. The constant torque attributed to Galactic tides arises from a non-cancellation of perturbations with an impact parameter of order the semimajor axis of the comet. When the close encounters are rare, the angular momentum is best modeled by the stochastic growth of stellar encounters. If trajectories passing between the comet and sun occur frequently, the angular momentum exhibits the coherent growth attributed to the Galactic tides.

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