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arXiv 1009.0843math-phmath.MP
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量子布朗运动讲义

Lecture Notes on Quantum Brownian Motion

Laszlo Erdos

摘要:

爱因斯坦的布朗运动的动力学理论,基于轻的水分子不断轰击重的花粉,提供了一个从牛顿力学的扩散解释。自量子力学发现以来,验证薛定谔方程中扩散的出现一直是一个挑战。该程序的第一步是验证线性玻尔兹曼方程作为具有随机势的薛定谔方程的某一标度极限。在第二步中,我们考虑一个更长的时间尺度,对应于无限多个玻尔兹曼碰撞。直觉是,玻尔兹曼方程然后收敛到一个扩散方程类似的中心极限定理马尔可夫过程充分混合。在这些讲义(为2010年8月的Les Houches暑期学校准备的)中,我们提出了数学工具来严格证明这种直觉。新材料依赖于与H. T. Yau和M.萨姆霍夫

英文摘要:

Einstein's kinetic theory of the Brownian motion, based upon light water molecules continuously bombarding a heavy pollen, provided an explanation of diffusion from the Newtonian mechanics. Since the discovery of quantum mechanics it has been a challenge to verify the emergence of diffusion from the Schrödinger equation. The first step in this program is to verify the linear Boltzmann equation as a certain scaling limit of a Schrödinger equation with random potential. In the second step, one considers a longer time scale that corresponds to infinitely many Boltzmann collisions. The intuition is that the Boltzmann equation then converges to a diffusive equation similarly to the central limit theorem for Markov processes with sufficient mixing. In these lecture notes (prepared for the Les Houches summer school in 2010 August) we present the mathematical tools to rigorously justify this intuition. The new material relies on joint papers with H.-T. Yau and M. Salmhofer.

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