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arXiv 1008.4152astro-ph.EP
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在单行星系统中确定太阳系外行星离心率的观测偏差

Observational biases in determining extrasolar planet eccentricities in single-planet systems

Nadia L. Zakamska, Margaret Pan, Eric B. Ford

摘要:

我们调查了单行星系统径向速度观测获得的系外行星轨道参数测量的潜在偏差。我们创建一个模拟目录的径向速度数据,选择输入行星的质量,周期,并从实际的径向速度调查和不同的输入偏心率观察模式。我们应用马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗(MCMC)模拟,并比较所得的轨道参数的输入值。我们发现,组合的有效信噪比的数据,相位覆盖的最大差距,和观测覆盖的周期总数是一个很好的预测导出的轨道参数的质量。由于偏心率是正定的,我们发现在近圆形轨道上的行星的偏心率优先被高估,典型的偏差是调查中偏心率不确定性中位数的1-2倍(例如,0.04在Butler等人2006年的目录中)。在进行总体分析时,我们建议使用边缘化后验偏心率分布的模式,以尽量减少潜在的偏倚。虽然Butler et al.(2006)的星表报告只有17%的单行星系统的偏心率低于0.05,但我们估计e < 0.05轨道的真实比例约为f(0.05)=38 \pm 9%。对于P > 10天的行星,我们发现f(0.05)=28 \pm为8%,而Butler et al.(2006)为10%。这些行星要么从未获得大的偏心率,要么在任何显著的偏心率激发后被圆化。

英文摘要:

We investigate potential biases in the measurements of exoplanet orbital parameters obtained from radial velocity observations for single-planet systems. We create a mock catalog of radial velocity data, choosing input planet masses, periods, and observing patterns from actual radial velocity surveys and varying input eccentricities. We apply Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations and compare the resulting orbital parameters to the input values. We find that a combination of the effective signal-to-noise ratio of the data, the maximal gap in phase coverage, and the total number of periods covered by observations is a good predictor of the quality of derived orbit parameters. As eccentricity is positive definite, we find that eccentricities of planets on nearly circular orbits are preferentially overestimated, with typical bias of 1-2 times the median eccentricity uncertainty in a survey (e.g., 0.04 in the Butler et al. 2006 catalog). When performing population analysis, we recommend using the mode of the marginalized posterior eccentricity distribution to minimize potential biases. While the Butler et al. (2006) catalog reports eccentricities below 0.05 for just 17% of single-planet systems, we estimate that the true fraction of e < 0.05 orbits is about f(0.05)=38\pm 9%. For planets with P > 10 days, we find f(0.05)=28\pm 8% versus 10% from Butler et al. (2006). These planets either never acquired a large eccentricity or were circularized following any significant eccentricity excitation.

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