This paper proposes a distributed framework for demand response and user adaptation in smart grid networks. In particular, we borrow the concept of congestion pricing in Internet traffic control and show that pricing information is very useful to regulate user demand and hence balance network load. User preference is modeled as a willingness to pay parameter which can be seen as an indicator of differential quality of service. Both analysis and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the dynamics and convergence behavior of the algorithm.
Optimization of energy consumption in future intelligent energy networks (or Smart Grids) will be based on grid-integrated near-real-time communications between various grid elements in generation, transmission, distribution and loads. This paper discusses some of the challenges and opportunities of communications research in the areas of smart grid and smart metering. In particular, we focus on some of the key communications challenges for realizing interoperable and future-proof smart grid/metering networks, smart grid security and privacy, and how some of the existing networking technologie…
The present manuscript concentrates on the application of Fog computing to a Smart Grid Network that comprises of a Distribution Generation System known as a Microgrid. It addresses features and advantages of a smart grid. Two computational methods for on-demand processing based on shared information resources is discussed. Fog Computing acts as an additional layer of computational and/or communication nodes that offload the Cloud backend from multi-tasking while dealing with large amounts of data. Both Fog computing and Cloud computing hierarchical architecture is compared with respect to eff…
Smart grid, regarded as the next generation power grid, uses two-way flows of electricity and information to create a widely distributed automated energy delivery network. In this work we present our vision on smart grid from the perspective of wireless communications and networking technologies. We present wireless communication and networking paradigms for four typical scenarios in the future smart grid and also point out the research challenges of the wireless communication and networking technologies used in smart grid
This paper describes the background of smart information infrastructure and the needs for smart grid information security. It introduces the conceptual analysis to the methodology with the application of hermeneutic circle and information security functional requirement identification. Information security for the grid market cover matters includes automation and communications industry that affects the operation of electric power systems and the functioning of the utilities that manage them and its awareness of this information infrastructure has become critical to the reliability of the powe…
In this paper, we proposed a novel OTSS-assisted optical network architecture for smart-grid communication networks, which has unique requirements for low-latency connections. Illustrative results show that, OTSS can provide extremely better performance in latency and blocking probability than conventional flexi-grid optical networks.
By using experimental measurements of smart grid applications compliant with IEC 61850 in trace-driven WiMAX simulations, we show that the WiMAX MAC protocol efficiency decreases as a function of the number of stations. To avoid this shortcoming, we propose and analyze a novel WiMAX MAC protocol for smart grid applications, which uses lattice correlators to improve the throughput-delay performance significantly. For the considered configurations, the obtained maximum throughput of the proposed MAC protocol outperforms the current WiMAX MAC protocol by up to 41%.
The smart grid utilizes many Internet of Things (IoT) applications to support its intelligent grid monitoring and control. The requirements of the IoT applications vary due to different tasks in the smart grid. In this paper, we propose a new computing paradigm to offer location-aware, latencysensitive monitoring and intelligent control for IoT applications in the smart grid. In particular, a new fog-based architecture and programming model is designed. Fog computing extends computing to the edge of a network, which has a perfect match to IoT applications. However, existing schemes can hardly …
Cyber-physical systems integrate information and communication technology functions to the physical elements of a system for monitoring and controlling purposes. The conversion of traditional power grid into a smart grid, a fundamental example of a cyber-physical system, raises a number of issues that require novel methods and applications. In this context, an important issue is the verification of certain quantitative properties of the system. In this technical report, we consider a specific Chinese Smart Grid implementation and try to address the verification problem for certain quantitative…
Monitoring and automation of the critical infrastructures like the power grid is improvised by the support of an efficient and secure communication net-work. Due to the low cost, low power profile, dynamic nature, improved ac-curacy and scalability, wireless sensor networks (WSN) became an attractive choice for the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) system of the smart grid. However, the energy efficiency and security of WSN depends highly on the network design and routing scheme. In this paper, a WSN based Secure and Energy Efficient Remote Monitoring Technique (SERMT) is proposed…
The concept of smart grid has been introduced as a new vision of the conventional power grid to figure out an efficient way of integrating green and renewable energy technologies. In this way, Internet-connected smart grid, also called energy Internet, is also emerging as an innovative approach to ensure the energy from anywhere at any time. The ultimate goal of these developments is to build a sustainable society. However, integrating and coordinating a large number of growing connections can be a challenging issue for the traditional centralized grid system. Consequently, the smart grid is u…
The current electrical grid is perhaps the greatest engineering achievement of the 20th century. However, it is increasingly outdated and overburdened, leading to costly blackouts and burnouts. For this and various other reasons,transformation efforts are underway to make the current electrical grid smarter. A reliable, universal and secure communication infrastructure is mandatory for the implementation and deployment of the future smart grid. A special interest is given to the design of efficient and robust network architecture capable of managing operation and control of the next generation…
Network slicing enabled by fifth generation (5G) systems has the potential to satisfy diversified service requirements from different vertical industries. As a typical vertical industry, smart distribution grid poses new challenges to communication networks. This paper investigates the behavior of network slicing for smart grid applications in 5G radio access networks with heterogeneous traffic. To facilitate network slicing in such a network, we employ different 5G radio access numerologies for two traffic classes which have distinct radio resource and quality of service requirements. Three m…
This paper surveys the latest on Smart Grid security. It focuses on the deep understanding of the risk in terms of threats, vulnerabilities and consequences that arise from cyber-attacks.
In this article, a multi-simulation model is proposed to measure the performance of all Smart Grid perspectives as defined in the IEEE P2030 standard. As a preliminary implementation, a novel information technology (IT) and communication multi-simulator is developed following an High Level Architecture (HLA). To illustrate the usefulness of such a multi-simulator, a case study of a distribution network operation application is presented using real-world topology configurations with realistic communication traffic based on IEC 61850. The multi-simulator allows to quantify, in terms of communica…
In this paper we present a systematic review of various home energy management (HEM) schemes. Employment of home energy management programs will make the electricity consumption smarter and more efficient. Advantages of HEM include, increased savings for consumers as well as utilities, reduced peak to average ratio (PAR) and peak demand. Where there are numerous applications of smart grid technologies, home energy management is probably the most important one to be addressed. Utilities across the globe have taken various steps for efficient consumption of electricity. New pricing schemes like,…
5G technology complements the enabling of communication services for different vertical industries such as smart distribution grids. Automation is an integral and necessary part of the power distribution grid operation and management. This paper postulates a framework by which the smart distribution grid can obtain service-oriented communication services using 5G network slicing and intent-based networking (IBN). IBN provides an interface to service users and network stakeholders to cooperate through a high level abstraction model of service provisioning in a network agnostic manner. The autom…
This paper is proposed a security plan for Smart Grid Systems based on AGC4ISR which is an architecture for Autonomic Grid Computing Systems. Smart Grid incorporates has many benefits of distributed computing and communications to deliver a real-time information and enable the near-instantaneous balance of supply and demand at the device level. AGC4ISR architecture is Organized by Autonomic Grid Computing and C4ISR (Command, Control, Communications, Computers and Intelligence, Surveillance, & Reconnaissance) Architecture. In this paper we will present a solution for as security plan which will…
Design of an effective and reliable communication network supporting smart grid applications requires a selection of appropriate communication technologies and protocols. The objective of this paper is to study and quantify the capabilities of an Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) to support the simultaneous operation of major smart grid functions. These include smart metering, price-induced controls, distribution automation, demand response and electric vehicle charging/discharging applications in terms of throughput and latency. OPNET is used to simulate the performance of selected commu…
A significant amount of research has been conducted in order to make home appliances more efficient in terms of energy usage. Various techniques have been designed and implemented in order to control the power demand and supply. This paper encompasses reviews of different research works on a wide range of energy management techniques for smart homes aimed at reducing energy consumption and minimizing energy wastage. The idea of smart home is elaborated followed by a review of existing energy management methods.
An overview of several standardization activities for machine-to-machine (M2M) communications is presented, analyzing some of the enabling technologies and applications of M2M in industry sectors such as Smart Grid and e-Health. This summary and overview of the ongoing work in M2M from the industrial and standardization perspective complements the prevalent academic perspective of such publications to date in this field.
A recent paper by Yang et al. [1] proposed CRB-RPL as a new RPL-based routing protocol for communications in cognitive radio (CR) enabled smart grid. Essentially, CRB-RPL adopts the operation of CRB-MAC, which is a medium access control (MAC) protocol for cognitive machine-to-machine (M2M) communications, and depicts it as a network layer enhancement. CRB-RPL suffers from a number of technical flaws in terms of protocol operation and analytical aspects. The main objective of this paper is to highlight these technical flaws of CRB-RPL and provide corrections to analytical modeling.
We present a detailed review of various Home Energy Management Schemes (HEM,s). HEM,s will increase savings, reduce peak demand and Pto Average Ratio (PAR). Among various applications of smart grid technologies, home energy management is probably the most important one to be addressed. Various steps have been taken by utilities for efficient energy consumption.New pricing schemes like Time of Use (ToU), Real Time Pricing (RTP), Critical Peak Pricing (CPP), Inclining Block Rates (IBR) etc have been been devised for future smart grids.Home appliances and/or distributed energy resources coordinat…
The smart grid is envisioned to significantly enhance the efficiency of energy consumption, by utilizing two-way communication channels between consumers and operators. For example, operators can opportunistically leverage the delay tolerance of energy demands in order to balance the energy load over time, and hence, reduce the total operational cost. This opportunity, however, comes with security threats, as the grid becomes more vulnerable to cyber-attacks. In this paper, we study the impact of such malicious cyber-attacks on the energy efficiency of the grid in a simplified setup. More prec…
In this paper, we consider the utilization of TV White Spaces (TVWS) by small Cognitive Radio (CR) network operators to support the communication needs of various smart grid applications. We first propose a multi-tier communication network architecture for smart metering applications in dense urban environments. Our measurement campaign, without any competition from other CR operators, reveals that the communication architecture can achieve more than 1Mbps data rates using the free unlicensed TVWS spectrum. However, anticipating stiff competition for the unlicensed TVWS spectrum among CR opera…
Currently, one of the hottest topics in the Internet of Things (IoT) research domain regards the issue to overcome the heterogeneity of proprietary technologies and systems so as to enable the integration of applications and devices developed for different environments in a single interoperable framework. Towards this objective, virtualization is widely used to foster integration and creation of new services and applications. Similar benefits are expected by its application in the smart grid arena. The use of a virtualization middleware is expected to enrich the capabilities and opportunities …
Cooperative cloud providers in the form of cloud federations can potentially reduce their energy costs by exploiting electricity price fluctuations across different locations. In this environment, on the one hand, the electricity price has a significant influence on the federations formed, and, thus, on the profit earned by the cloud providers, and on the other hand, the cloud cooperation has an inevitable impact on the performance of the smart grid. In this regard, the interaction between independent cloud providers and the smart grid is modeled as a two-stage Stackelberg game interleaved wit…
Smart grid is an energy network that integrates advanced power equipment, communication technology and control technology. It can transmit two-way power and data among all components of the grid at the same time. The existing smart grid communication technologies include power line carrier (PLC) com-munication, industrial Ethernet, passive optical networks and wireless communi-cation, each of which have different advantages. Due to the complex application scenarios, massive sampling points and high transmission reliability require-ments, a single communication method cannot fully meet the comm…
For the Grid and Through the Grid: The Role of Power Line Communications in the Smart Grid
ASSIA, Inc.（ASSIA公司）；Panasonic Corporation（松下公司）；University of California at Davis（加州大学戴维斯分校）；University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）
One of the most promising applications of the IoT is the Smart Grid (SG). Integrating SG's data communications network into the power grid allows gathering and analyzing information from power lines, distribution power stations, and end users. A smart grid (SG) requires a prompt and dependable connection to provide real-time monitoring through the IoT. Hence 5G could be considered a catalyst for upgrading the existing power grid systems. Nonetheless, the additional attack surface of information infrastructure has been brought about by the widespread adoption of ubiquitous connectivity in 5G, t…
The rising use of information and communication technology in smart grids likewise increases the risk of failures that endanger the security of power supply, e.g., due to errors in the communication configuration, faulty control algorithms, or cyber-attacks. Co-simulations can be used to investigate such effects, but require precise modeling of the energy, communication, and information domain within an integrated smart grid infrastructure model. Given the complexity and lack of detailed publicly available communication network models for smart grid scenarios, there is a need for an automated …
The future smart grid is envisioned as a large-scale cyber-physical system encompassing advanced power, communications, control, and computing technologies. In order to accommodate these technologies, it will have to build on solid mathematical tools that can ensure an efficient and robust operation of such heterogeneous and large-scale cyber-physical systems. In this context, this paper is an overview on the potential of applying game theory for addressing relevant and timely open problems in three emerging areas that pertain to the smart grid: micro-grid systems, demand-side management, and …
Wireless technologies can support a broad range of smart grid applications including advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) and demand response (DR). However, there are many formidable challenges when wireless technologies are applied to the smart gird, e.g., the tradeoffs between wireless coverage and capacity, the high reliability requirement for communication, and limited spectral resources. Relaying has emerged as one of the most promising candidate solutions for addressing these issues. In this article, an introduction to various relaying strategies is presented, together with a discussio…
As large scale deployment of smart devices in the power grid continues, research efforts need to increasingly focus on efficient communication of generated information. This paper describes a strategy for static routing and scheduling of messages in a multi-hop wireless Smart Grid Neighborhood Area Network (NAN) with multiple source nodes and a common set of destinations or gateways. The problem is formulated as a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) and solved using commercial optimization solver CPLEX. Feasibility of the scheme is demonstrated using different network models, constraints, mess…
We model smart grids as complex interdependent networks, and study targeted attacks on smart grids for the first time. A smart grid consists of two networks: the power network and the communication network, interconnected by edges. Occurrence of failures (attacks) in one network triggers failures in the other network, and propagates in cascades across the networks. Such cascading failures can result in disintegration of either (or both) of the networks. Earlier works considered only random failures. In practical situations, an attacker is more likely to compromise nodes selectively. We study c…
