We report a measurement of the flux-averaged neutral-current elastic differential cross section for neutrinos scattering on mineral oil (CH$_2$) as a function of four-momentum transferred squared. It is obtained by measuring the kinematics of recoiling nucleons with kinetic energy greater than 50~MeV which are readily detected in MiniBooNE. This differential cross-section distribution is fit with fixed nucleon form factors apart from an axial mass, $M_{A}$, that provides a best fit for $M_A= 1.39\pm0.11$~GeV. Additionally, single protons with kinetic energies above 350 MeV can be distinguished from neutrons and multiple nucleon events. Using this marker, the strange quark contribution to the neutral-current axial vector form factor at $Q^2 = 0$, $Δs$, is found to be $Δs=0.08\pm0.26$.
A measurement of the total $pp$ cross section at the LHC at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV is presented. An integrated luminosity of $500$ $μ$b$^{-1}$ was accumulated in a special run with high-$β^{\star}$ beam optics to measure the differential elastic cross section as a function of the Mandelstam momentum transfer variable $t$. The measurement is performed with the ALFA sub-detector of ATLAS. Using a fit to the differential elastic cross section in the $-t$ range from $0.014$ GeV$^2$ to $0.1$ GeV$^2$ to extrapolate $t\rightarrow 0$, the total cross section, $σ_{\mathrm{tot}}(pp\rightarrow X)$, is measured…
The TOTEM 2.76, 7, 8, and 13 TeV pp elastic differential cross sections are extrapolated using a data-driven approach to obtain the 1.96 TeV pp elastic cross section. A difference with a 3.4$σ$ significance is observed between the extrapolated pp elastic cross section and the D0 p$\bar{\rm p}$ elastic cross section at 1.96 TeV in the region of the diffractive minimum and the second maximum of the pp cross section, providing evidence for colourless C-odd gluonic exchanges, also denoted as odderon. These results are combined with a TOTEM analysis of the same $t$-channel C-odd exchanges based on …
One of the least constrained contributions to the neutral current (NC) elastic neutrino-proton cross section is the strange axial form factor, which represents the strange quark spin contribution to the spin structure of the proton. This becomes the net strange spin contribution, $Δs$, in the limit when the negative four-momentum transfer squared ($Q^2$) is zero. The strange axial form factor can be determined by studying NC elastic scattering events in the MicroBooNE detector. MicroBooNE's unique ability to detect low-energy protons is expected to allow the reconstruction of these events with…
We discuss the unitarity motivated relations among the elastic cross-section, slope parameter and inelastic cross-section of the high energy \textit{pp} interaction. In particular, the MacDowell-Martin unitarity bound is written down in another form to make a relation between the elastic and inelastic quantities more transparent. On the basis of an unitarity motivated relation we argue that the growth with energy of the elastic to total cross-section ratio is a consequence of the increasing with energy of the \textit{inelastic interaction intensity}. The latter circumstance is an underlying re…
We describe the discovery of the colorless $C$-odd gluonic compound, the odderon, by the D0 and TOTEM Collaborations by comparing elastic differential cross sections measured in $pp$ and $p \bar{p}$ interactions at high energies
A new measurement of elastic $pp$ scattering at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV with the ATLAS-ALFA detector is presented. The measurement was performed using data recorded in a special run of the LHC with $β^\star = 2.5$ km. The elastic cross-section was measured differentially in the Mandelstam $t$ variable and from a fit to ${\textrm{d}}σ/\textrm{d}t$ the total cross section, the $ρ$-parameter and parameters of the nuclear slope are determined. The results for $σ_{\textrm{tot}}$ and $ρ$ are \begin{equation*} σ_{\textrm{tot}}(pp\rightarrow X) = \mbox{104.7} \; \pm 1.1 \; \mbox{mb} , \; \; ρ= \mbox{0.098…
We analyze the differences between the $pp$ and $p\bar{p}$ differentia l elastic cross section measurements by the D0 and TOTEM Collaborations at the Tevatron, Fermilab, and the LHC, CERN that lead to a significance larger than 3$σ$ of the existence of the colourless $C$-odd three-gluon state, the odderon.
A quantitative understanding of neutrino-nucleus interactions is demanded to achieve precise measurement of neutrino oscillations, and hence the determination of their masses. In addition, next generation detectors will be able to detect supernovae neutrinos, which are likely to shed some light on the open questions on the dynamics of core collapse. In this context, it is crucial to account for two-body meson-exchange currents along within realistic models of nuclear dynamics. We summarize our progresses towards the construction of a consistent framework, based on the Green's function Monte Ca…
This note is motivated by preparations of a new $ep$ elastic scattering experiment in the low transfer momentum region to be carried out in the 720 MeV electron beam of the Mainz Microtron MAMI. This experiment will use an innovative method allowing for detection of recoil protons in coincidence with the scattered electrons. The goal is to measure the $ep$ differential cross sections in the $Q^2$ range from 0.001 GeV$^2$ to 0.04 GeV$^2$ and to determine the proton charge radius with sub-percent precision.
We report the first results on differential, total and elastic cross sections in proton-proton collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV. The data lwere obtained with the Roman Pot Detector subsystem of the STAR experiment. The data used for this analysis cover the four-momentum transfer squared ~($t$) range $ 0.045 \le |t| \le 0.135$ (GeV/c)$^2$. The Roman Pot system was placed downstream of the STAR detector. During the data taking the Roman Pots were moved to ~8$σ_{y}$, the vertical distance of from the beam center. They were operated during standard dat…
In view of the great interest in liquid argon neutrino detectors, the $^{40}$Ar($γ,γ'$)$^{40}$Ar$^{*}$ reaction was revisited to guide a calculation of the neutral current neutrino cross section at supernova energies. Using the nuclear resonance fluorescence technique with a monoenergetic, 99% linearly polarized photon beam, we report a three-fold increase in magnetic dipole strength at around 10 MeV in $^{40}$Ar. Based on shell-model calculations, and using the experimentally identified transitions, the neutral current neutrino cross sections for low-energy reactions on $^{40}$Ar are calculat…
The paper presents the phenomenological analysis of the energy dependence for the ratio of elastic to total cross section in proton-proton and antiproton-proton scattering. The analytic functions based on the study of low- and high-energy experimental data for various scattering parameters provide the quantitative description of energy dependence of the ratio with statistically acceptable qualities in wide range of collision energy $\sqrt{s} \geq 3$ GeV in the case of the separate datasets for $pp$, $\bar{p}p$ collisions and at $\sqrt{s} \geq 5$ GeV for the joined experimental data ensemble. B…
