单倍型互补和纯化选择在基因组进化中的作用
The role of haplotype complementation and purifying selection in the genome evolution
摘要：
我们讨论了染色体和基因组进化的两种不同方式。纯化选择占主导地位的大panmictic群体，其中孟德尔定律的独立基因分配是有效的。如果种群很小，重组过程就不足以确保连锁基因的独立分类，更大的基因簇可以作为遗传单位遗传。在这样的条件下，有整簇的基因倾向于互补，而不是像纯化选择那样的单对等位基因。计算机模拟表明，互补和纯化策略之间的切换具有相变的特征。这也是负责沿真核细胞染色体观察到的重组事件的具体分布-更高的重组率，观察到在亚端粒区域比在染色体的中心部分-同域物种形成和可能的非单调关系之间的生殖潜力和遗传距离的父母。
英文摘要：
We discuss two different ways of chromosomes' and genomes' evolution. Purifying selection dominates in large panmictic populations, where Mendelian law of independent gene assortment is valid. If the populations are small, recombination processes are not effective enough to ensure an independent assortment of linked genes and larger clusters of genes could be inherited as the genetic units. There are whole clusters of genes which tend to complement in such conditions instead of single pairs of alleles like in the case of purifying selection. Computer simulations have shown that switching in-between complementation and purification strategies has a character of a phase transition. This is also responsible for specific distribution of recombination events observed along eukaryotic chromosomes - higher recombination rate is observed in subtelomeric regions than in central parts of chromosomes - for sympatric speciation and probably for non-monotonous relation between reproduction potential and genetic distance between parents.
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