用多态位点模拟基因组进化中的生存和等位基因互补
Modelling survival and allele complementation in the evolution of genomes with polymorphic loci
摘要：
我们已经模拟了由二倍体基因组代表的个体组成的有性繁殖种群的进化。一系列的8位形成一个等位基因占据一个单倍体基因组（染色体）的128个位点之一。环境需要每个基因座的特定活性，这是位于两条染色体上相应基因座上的两个等位基因的活性之和。此活动由设置为零的位数表示。在恒定的环境中，最佳拟合的个体是纯合的，其等位基因的活性对应于对一个位点的环境要求的一半（在二倍体基因组中，相应位点上的两个等位基因产生适当的活性）。在相对低的重组率下改变环境促进产生更多多态性等位基因。在杂合基因座中，不同活性的等位基因互补以满足环境要求。然而，种群的遗传库朝着数量非常有限的互补单倍型的方向进化，快速变化的环境杀死了种群。如果模拟开始时所有基因座都是杂合的，那么它们会在很长一段时间内保持杂合。
英文摘要：
We have simulated the evolution of sexually reproducing populations composed of individuals represented by diploid genomes. A series of eight bits formed an allele occupying one of 128 loci of one haploid genome (chromosome). The environment required a specific activity of each locus, this being the sum of the activities of both alleles located at the corresponding loci on two chromosomes. This activity is represented by the number of bits set to zero. In a constant environment the best fitted individuals were homozygous with alleles' activities corresponding to half of the environment requirement for a locus (in diploid genome two alleles at corresponding loci produced a proper activity). Changing the environment under a relatively low recombination rate promotes generation of more polymorphic alleles. In the heterozygous loci, alleles of different activities complement each other fulfilling the environment requirements. Nevertheless, the genetic pool of populations evolves in the direction of a very restricted number of complementing haplotypes and a fast changing environment kills the population. If simulations start with all loci heterozygous, they stay heterozygous for a long time.
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