We consider a two-component-liquid model, a la Landau, for the quark-gluon plasma. Qualitatively, the model fits well some crucial observations concerning the plasma properties. Dynamically, the model assumes the existence of an effective scalar field which is condensed. The existence of such a condensate is supported by lattice data. We indicate a possible crucial test of the model by lattice simulations.
We consider a black hole solution with a non-trivial dilaton from IIB super gravity which is expected to describe a strongly coupled hot gauge plasma with non-vanishing gluon condensation present. We construct a rotating and moving baryon to probe the screening and phases of the plasma. Melting of the baryons in hot plasma in this background had been studied previously, however, we show that baryons melt much lower temperature than has been suggested previously.
The density of states and energy spectrum of the gluon radiation are calculated for the color current of an expanding hydrodynamic skyrmion in the quark gluon plasma with a semiclassical method. Results are compared with those in literatures.
The generating functional for hard thermal loops in QCD is rewritten in terms of a gauged WZNW action by introducing an auxiliary field. This shows in a simple way that the contribution of hard thermal loops to the energy of the quark-gluon plasma is positive.
The historical context of the recent results from high energy heavy ion reactions devoted to the search of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is reviewed, with emphasis on the surprises encountered. The evidence for QGP from heavy ion reactions is compared with that available from particle reactions.
Starting from the kinetic formulation of the hard thermal loop effective theory, we have (re)derived the collision terms for soft modes of order $g^2 T \log(1/g)$ by averaging the statistical fluctuations in the plasma.
We study electric and magnetic components of the gluon propagators in quark-gluon plasma in terms of center vortices by using a quenched simulation of SU(2) lattice theory. In the Landau gauge, the magnetic components of the propagators are strongly affected in the infrared region by removal of the center vortices, while the electric components are almost unchanged by this procedure. In the Coulomb gauge, the time-time correlators, including an instantaneous interaction, also have an essential contribution from the center vortices. As a result, one finds that magnetic degrees of freedom in the…
Initially produced quark-gluon matter at RHIC and LHC does not have a temperature. A quark-gluon plasma has a high temperature. From this quark-gluon matter to the quark-gluon plasma is the early thermalization or the rapid creation of temperature. Elastic three-parton scattering plays a key role in the process. The temperature originates from the two-parton scattering, the three-parton scattering, the four-parton scattering and so forth in quark-gluon matter.
In this talk, I review the important role played by plasma instabilities in the thermalization of quark-gluon plasmas at very high energy. [Conference talk presented at Strong and Electroweak Mattter 2004, Helsinki, Finland, June 16--19.]
Using a temperature-dependent potential obtained from lattice gauge calculations, we study the stability of heavy quarkonia in the quark-gluon plasma. We find that only the Upsilon(1S) and the eta_b(1S) are bound in the quark-gluon plasma, and have a small binding energy. The quark-gluon plasma may be revealed by an Upsilon(1S) dilepton peak with an invariant mass close to twice the current b quark mass, which is lower than the Upsilon(1S) mass in free space. The quarkonia Upsilon(1S) and eta_b(1S) can dissociate by collision with quarks and gluons in the quark-gluon plasma. We evaluate the di…
Based on simple physics arguments it is shown that the concept of quark-gluon plasma, a state of matter consisting of uncorrelated quarks, antiquarks, and gluons, has a fundamental problem.
We analyze the known moving boundary effects in plasma and briefly review a mechanism for particle acceleration through a plasma front. We then show how this mechanism may affect particles crossing the boundary of an expanding quark gluon plasma.
We show the existence of unstable color skyrmions in a class of nonabelian fluid models. Oscillating and expanding solutions are found in the time-dependent case.
In this talk we first discuss the motivation for using the AdS/CFT correspondence as a tool for the understanding of real-time dynamics of quark-gluon plasma. After describing the effective dual degrees of freedom for a strongly coupled gauge theory system, we review the subsequent theoretical `layers' in the physics of quark-gluon plasma: a uniform plasma at fixed temperature, linearized fluctuations, nonlinear hydrodynamic behaviour and finally some aspects of addressing non-equilibrium physics. The discussion is brief and aimed at nonspecialists.
Gluon radiation is an important mechanism for parton energy loss as the parton traverses the quark gluon plasma (QGP) medium. We studied the gluon emission in QGP using AMY formalism. In the present work, we obtained gluon emission amplitude {\bf F}({\bf h},p,k) function, which is a solution of the integral equations describing gluon radiation including Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal (LPM) effects, using iterations method. We define a new dynamical scale for gluon emission denoted by $x$. The gluon emission rate is obtained by integrating these amplitude function over {\bf h}. We show that these ob…
A quasiclassical theory of the synchrotron-like gluon emission is discussed. We show that the synchrotron emission may be important in the jet quenching if the plasma instabilities generate a chromomagnetic field about $m^{2}_{D}/g$. Our gluon spectrum disagrees with that obtained by Shuryak and Zahed within Schwinger's proper time method.
Both electric and magnetic screening masses in a nonperturbative gluonic background are investigated using operator product expansion. The magnetic screening mass is found to agree with lattice results whereas the electric screening mass is somewhat smaller than the one found on the lattice.
An alternate picture of the deconfined phase of gauge theories is described. Instead of a plasma, the theory is viewed as a condensate of Polyakov lines. The pressure is determined by an elementary mean field theory.
We show that the extensively studied equation of state (EOS) of strongly coupled QED plasma fits the recent lattice EOS data of gluon plasma remarkably well, with appropriate modifications to take account of color degrees of freedom and running coupling constant. Hence we conclude that the quark gluon plasma near the critical temperature is a strongly coupled color-Coulombic plasma.
I consider the dissociation of a boosted quarkonium in a quark-gluon plasma. This dissociation is due to absorption of a thermal gluon. I discuss the dissociation in terms of the velocity of the quarkonium and the temperature of the quark-gluon plasma. I compare this dissociation rate to the one calculated without including the velocity of the quarkonium.
I consider the behavior of the quark-antiquark potential, called the Cornell Potential, in a quark-gluon plasma. Since mesons are no longer bound in the quark-gluon plasma, there might be a relationship between the string tension of the quark-antiquark potential, the mass of the quark, and the coupling constant.
We compute the energy density radiated by a quark undergoing circular motion in strongly coupled $\mathcal N = 4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills plasma. If it were in vacuum, this quark would radiate a beam of strongly coupled radiation whose angular distribution has been characterized and is very similar to that of synchrotron radiation produced by an electron in circular motion in electrodynamics. Here, we watch this beam of gluons getting quenched by the strongly coupled plasma. We find that a beam of gluons of momenta $\sim q \gg πT$ is attenuated rapidly, over a distance $\sim q^{1/3} (πT)^{-4…
Signatures of dominant and central production of glueballs (binary gluonic mesons) in heavy ion and hadromic collisions are discussed. Search strategies are proposed.
The gluon polarization tensor for the quark-gluon plasma with shear viscosity is derived with the viscous chromohydrodynamics. The longitudinal and transverse dielectric functions are evaluated from the gluon polarization tensor, through which the polarization energy loss suffered by a fast quark traveling through the viscous quark-gluon plasma is investigated. The numerical analysis indicates that shear viscosity significantly reduces the polarization energy loss.
By considering the Debye screening and damping rate of gluons, the viscosity coefficient of the quark-gluon plasma was evaluated via real-time finite temperature QCD in the relaxation time approximation at finite temperature and chemical potential . The results show that both the damping rate and the chemical potential cause considerable enhancements to the viscosity coefficient of hot dense quark-gluon plasma.
We study the radiative correction to $p_T$-broadening of a fast quark in a quark-gluon plasma beyond the soft gluon approximation. We find that the radiative processes can suppress considerably $p_T$-broadening. This differs dramatically from previous calculations to logarithmic accuracy in the soft gluon approximation, predicting a considerable enhancement of $p_T$-broadening.
We study the quark energy loss in an expanding quark-gluon plasma. The expanding plasma produced in high energy AA-collision is described by Bjorken's model. The dependence of the energy loss on the infrared cutoff for the radiated gluons, on the quark mass, and on the initial conditions of QCD plasma is investigated.
Here we present a self-consistent quasi-particle model for quark-gluon plasma and apply it to explain the non-ideal behaviour seen in lattice simulations. The basic idea, borrowed from electrodynamic plasma, is that the gluons acquire mass as it propagates through plasma due to collective effects and is approximately equal to the plasma frequency. The statistical mechanics and thermodynamics of such a system is studied by treating it as an ideal gas of massive gluons. Since mass or plasma frequency depends on density, which itself is a thermodynamic quantity, the whole problem need to be solve…
Heavy-ion collision experiments at RHIC and the LHC have found a new emergent phase of QCD, a strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma (sQGP) that is distinctively different from either the low temperature hadron phase or the very high temperature weakly coupled plasma phase. Highly nontrivial emergent phenomena occur in such sQGP and two examples will be discussed in this contribution: the magnetic component of sQGP that stems from topologically nontrivial configurations in the gluon sector; and the anomalous chiral transport that arises as macroscopic manifestation of microscopic chiral anomaly i…
We present new, non-abelian, solutions to the equations of motion which describe the collective excitations of a quark-gluon plasma at high temperature. These solutions correspond to longitudinal and transverse plane-waves propagating through the plasma.
We review both lattice evidences and theoretical arguments supporting the existence of electric flux tubes in quark-gluon plasma, above the deconfinement transition temperature $T>T_c$. At the end of this comment, we also point out certain questions which still needs to be answered.
We show that, in a holographic or gauge-gravity approach to the study of the Quark-Gluon Plasma, the specific entropy density of the plasma produced in a peripheral heavy-ion collision can be strongly suppressed relative to its value for central collisions at the same impact energy; this is connected with the strong vorticity fields which are now known to characterize the peripheral case. This implies, within the holographic model, that the shear viscosity of `peripheral plasmas' may be considerably lower than that of the corresponding `central plasmas', with potentially important consequences…
Within the closed-time-path formalism of nonequilibrium QCD, we derive a Slavnov-Taylor (ST) identity for the gluon polarization tensor. The ST identity takes the same form both in Coulomb and covariant gauges. Application to quasi-uniform quark-gluon plasma (QGP) near equilibrium or nonequilibrium quasistationary QGP is made.
I consider the dissociation of the upsilon meson due to absorption of a thermal gluon. I discuss the dissociation rate in terms of the energy density, the number density, and the temperature of the quark-gluon plasma. I compare this to the effect due to screening.
The entropy of the quark-gluon plasma can be calculated from QCD using (approximately) self-consistent approximations. Lattice results for pure gauge theories are accurately reproduced down to temperatures of the order of 2.5$T_c$. Comparisons with other approaches to the thermodynamics of the quark-gluon plasma are briefly discussed.
Strangeness, charmonium and open charm yields in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions are considered within statistical model approach as potential signals of the quark-gluon plasma.
The small surface tension of the interface between hadronic and quark-gluon-plasma domains, along with a negative curvature tension, implies that the uniform plasma is unstable against spontaneous formation of hadronic bubbles. We furthermore show that spherical bubbles are not stable against small perturbations.
The transverse and longitudinal transport coefficients for jets in a quark-gluon plasma, $\hat{q}$ and $\hat{e}$, are extracted from simulations of the VNI/BMS parton cascade model. We study their variation under the strong coupling and the parton mass in the medium. We show that their ratio is sensitive to the mass of the plasma constituents. Experimental measurements of both quantities could provide new insights into the nature of the quark-gluon plasma as seen by hard probes.
We calculate photon production from a quark-gluon plasma which is anisotropic in momentum space including the Compton scattering and quark/anti-quark annihilation processes. We show that for a quark-gluon plasma which has an oblate momentum-space anisotropy the photon production rate has an angular dependence which is peaked transverse to the beam line. We propose to use the angular dependence of high-energy medium photon production to experimentally determine the degree of momentum-space isotropy of a quark-gluon plasma produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
Chromodynamic fluctuations in the collisionless quark-gluon plasma are found as a solution of the initial value linearized problem. The stable and unstable plasmas are discussed.
We derive hydrodynamic-like equations that are applicable to short-time scale color phenomena in the quark-gluon plasma. The equations are solved in the linear response approximation, and the gluon polarization tensor is derived. As an application, we study the collective modes in a two-stream system and find plasma instabilities when the fluid velocity is larger than the speed of sound in the plasma. The chromo-hydrodynamic approach, discussed here in detail, should be considered as simpler over other approaches and well-designed for numerical studies of the dynamics of an unstable quark-gluo…
We calculate the order α_s finite temperature correction to dilepton production in quark-gluon plasma arising from the two-loop photon self-energy diagrams for high invariant mass M >> T.
It is shown that due to contribution of the hadrons, emitted directly from the inner hot region of central heavy ion collision, radial flow of the final state hadrons is rather sensitive to the creation of quark-gluon plasma with mixed phase.
A calculation of thermal gluon decay shows that this process contributes significantly to strangeness production in a quark-gluon plasma. Our analysis does not support recent claims that this is the dominant process. In our calculations we take into account the resummed form of the transverse and longitudinal parts of the gluon propagator following the Braaten-Pisarski method. Our results are subject to the uncertainty concerning the estimate of the damping rate entering the effective gluon propagator.
Brief review of the hadronic probes that are used to diagnose the quark-gluon plasma produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions and interrogate its properties. Emphasis is placed on probes that have significantly impacted our understanding of the nature of the quark-gluon plasma and confirmed its formation.
In this work, we calculate the binding energies of the $J/ψ$, the $Υ$, and the Toponium in quark-gluon plasma. We also calculate the temperature of the quark-gluon plasma at which these quarkonia dissociate. We approach the problem from a quantum mechanical point of view. We use the variational method and the screening Debye potential in order to obtain these binding energies.
We study a smooth crossover transition in the gas of quark-gluon bags. The equation of state at high temperature is that of the quark-gluon plasma. However, the system consists of the bags with finite volumes which are defined by the model parameters of the mass-volume bag spectrum. Possible structures in this {\it cluster} quark-gluon plasma are classified.
The quark-gluon plasma, possibly created in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, is a strongly interacting many-body parton system. By comparison with strongly coupled electromagnetic plasmas (classical and non-relativistic) it is concluded that the quark-gluon plasma could be in the liquid phase. As an example for a strongly coupled plasma, complex plasmas, which show liquid and even solid phases, are discussed briefly. Furthermore, methods based on correlation functions for confirming and investigating the quark-gluon-plasma liquid are presented. Finally, consequences of the strong coupli…
A calculation of the thermal quark propagator is presented taking the gluon condensate above the critical temperature into account. The quark dispersion relation following from this propagator is derived.
We consider the quark antiquark potential of a quarkonium moving with velocity $v$ through a quark-gluon plasma at temperature T. An explicit, configuration-space expression is found for the screened interaction between the quarks constituting the meson. This potential is non-spherical, but axially symmetric about the direction of $v$.
We present new, non-abelian, solutions to the equations of motion which describe the collective excitations of a quark-gluon plasma at high temperature. These solutions correspond to spatially uniform color oscillations.
A model of cut-off momentum distribution functions in a Quark Gluon Plasma with finite baryon chemical potential is discussed. This produces a quark gluon plasma signature in Ultra Relativistic Nuclear Collisions with a specific structure of the dilepton spectrum in the transverse momentum region of $(1-4)~GeV$ and the dilepton production rate is found to be a strong decreasing function of the chemical potential.
In this talk I briefly discuss the thermodynamics of the quark-gluon plasma The calculation of the free energy of a hot gluon plasma to leading order in hard-thermal-loop perturbation theory is outlined. The HTL free energy is compared with the weak-coupling expansion and lattice results.
The quark and gluon viscosities are calculated in quark-gluon plasmas to leading orders in the coupling constant by including screening. For weakly interaction QCD and QED plasmas dynamical screening of transverse interactions and Debye screening of longitudinal interactions controls the infrared divergences. For strongly interacting plasmas other screening mechanisms taken from lattice calculations are employed. By solving the Boltzmann equation for quarks and gluons including screening the viscosity is calculated to leading orders in the coupling constant. The leading logarithmic order is ca…
We present a calculation of the thermal quark propagator taking the gluon condensate above the critical temperature into account. The quark dispersion relation following from this propagator, describing two massive modes, is discussed.
We present an effective relaxation-time theory to study the collisionless quark-gluon plasma. Applying this method we calculate the damping rate to be of order $g^2T$ and find plasmon scattering is the damping mechanism. The damping for the transverse mode is stronger than the longitudinal one.
We study the behavior of the scalar glueball inside a Quark Gluon Plasma. We follow the fireball from the plasma phase to the hadronic phase and observe that an interesting phenomenon might occur which could have experimental consequences as a signature of Quark Gluon Plasma.
