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arXiv 1007.0169astro-ph.GA
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引力不稳定的富气盘星系的结构

The structure of gravitationally unstable gas-rich disk galaxies

Michael Aumer, Andreas Burkert, Peter H. Johansson, Reinhard Genzel

摘要:

我们使用了一系列理想化的,数值SPH模拟研究的形成和演化的星系,气体丰富的磁盘形成的气体内的暗物质晕。气体的温度和密度结构是变化的,以区分(i)同时气体在大范围的半径和(ii)由内而外建立一个磁盘。在所有的情况下,这些盘都经历了环的形成、引力不稳定和分裂成大质量团块的阶段。环的形成可以通过焦点效应来增强。环的位置由形成它的材料的角动量分布决定。我们研究了环和团块的形态,所产生的速度色散场的特性和恒星形成的影响。在早期阶段,气体吸积导致高的垂直速度色散。我们发现,磁盘碎片的引力不稳定性和随后的团块相互作用驱动高速色散主要是在磁盘的平面,而在同一时间的垂直速度色散消散。结果是视线速度色散随倾角的强烈变化。对于正面视图,团块在(垂直)分散中显示为最小值,而对于更多的边缘视图,它们往往对应于最大值。在高红移盘中存在速度色散随倾角系统变化的观测证据,这可以部分地用我们的模拟结果来解释。我们的模型中没有包括的驱动速度色散的其他能量源也有望对观测结果做出贡献。

英文摘要:

We use a series of idealized, numerical SPH simulations to study the formation and evolution of galactic, gas-rich disks forming from gas infall within dark matter halos. The temperature and density structure of the gas is varied in order to differentiate between (i) simultaneous gas infall at a large range of radii and (ii) the inside-out build-up of a disk. In all cases, the disks go through phases of ring formation, gravitational instability and break-up into massive clumps. Ring formation can be enhanced by a focal point effect. The position of the ring is determined by the angular momentum distribution of the material it forms from. We study the ring and clump morphologies, the characteristic properties of the resulting velocity dispersion field and the effect of star formation. In the early phases, gas accretion leads to a high vertical velocity dispersion. We find that the disk fragmentation by gravitational instability and the subsequent clump-clump interactions drive high velocity dispersions mainly in the plane of the disk while at the same time the vertical velocity dispersion dissipates. The result is a strong variation of the line-of-sight velocity dispersion with inclination angle. For a face-on view, clumps appear as minima in the (vertical) dispersion, whereas for a more edge-on view, they tend to correspond to maxima. There exists observational evidence of a systematic variation of the velocity dispersion with inclination angle in high-redshift disks, which could be partly explained by our simulation results. Additional energetic sources to drive velocity dispersion that are not included in our models are also expected to contribute to the observational results.

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