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arXiv 1808.09592astro-ph.GA
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120亿年前星暴星系的引力不稳定气体盘

A gravitationally unstable gas disk of a starburst galaxy 12 billion years ago

Ken-ichi Tadaki, Daisuke Iono, Min S. Yun, Itziar Aretxaga, Bunyo Hatsukade, David H. Hughes, So Ikarashi, Takuma Izumi, Ryohei Kawabe, Kotaro Kohno, Minju Lee,… 展开作者

Ken-ichi Tadaki, Daisuke Iono, Min S. Yun, Itziar Aretxaga, Bunyo Hatsukade, David H. Hughes, So Ikarashi, Takuma Izumi, Ryohei Kawabe, Kotaro Kohno, Minju Lee, Yuichi Matsuda, Kohichiro Nakanishi, Toshiki Saito, Yoichi Tamura, Junko Ueda, Hideki Umehata, Grant W. Wilson, Tomonari Michiyama, Misaki Ando, Patrick Kamieneski

摘要:

早期宇宙中的亚毫米明亮星系正在以比银河系高1000倍的速度积极形成恒星。大部分恒星形成于中央1千秒差距区域,其大小与在宇宙恒星形成历史的高峰期发现的巨大静止星系相当,最终成为当今宇宙中巨大椭圆星系的核心。然而,人们对致密星暴核心内部的物理和运动学特性知之甚少,因为解剖它需要比哈勃太空望远镜更高的角分辨率。在这里,我们报告了在z=4.3的最明亮的无透镜亚毫米星系中对气体和尘埃的550秒差距分辨率的观测。我们第一次绘制出了严重尘埃遮蔽的核心内部分子气体的空间和运动学结构。气体的分布是cluerical,而下面的磁盘是旋转支持。利用高质量的分子气体质量表面密度图,我们发现了一个强有力的证据表明,星暴盘是引力不稳定的,这意味着气体的自引力克服了恒星辐射反馈的差旋转和内部压力。观测到的分子气体将在1亿年的时间尺度内被恒星形成所消耗,这与合并的星暴星系相当。我们的研究结果表明,在早期宇宙中最极端的星暴起源于有效的恒星形成,由于在中央2 kpc区域的引力不稳定性。

英文摘要:

Submillimeter bright galaxies in the early Universe are vigorously forming stars at ~1000 times higher rate than the Milky Way. A large fraction of stars is formed in the central 1 kiloparsec region, that is comparable in size to massive, quiescent galaxies found at the peak of the cosmic star formation history, and eventually the core of giant elliptical galaxies in the present-day Universe. However, the physical and kinematic properties inside a compact starburst core are poorly understood because dissecting it requires angular resolution even higher than the Hubble Space Telescope can offer. Here we report 550 parsec-resolution observations of gas and dust in the brightest unlensed submillimeter galaxy at z=4.3. We map out for the first time the spatial and kinematic structure of molecular gas inside the heavily dust-obscured core. The gas distribution is clumpy while the underlying disk is rotation-supported. Exploiting the high-quality map of molecular gas mass surface density, we find a strong evidence that the starburst disk is gravitationally unstable, implying that the self-gravity of gas overcomes the differential rotation and the internal pressure by stellar radiation feedback. The observed molecular gas would be consumed by star formation in a timescale of 100 million years, that is comparable to those in merging starburst galaxies. Our results suggest that the most extreme starburst in the early Universe originates from efficient star formation due to a gravitational instability in the central 2 kpc region.

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