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arXiv 1006.5544quant-phcond-mat.mes-hall
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电子自旋光学控制的量子计算

Quantum computing by optical control of electron spins

Ren-Bao Liu, Wang Yao, L. J. Sham

摘要:

综述了通过光学控制量子点中电子自旋实现大规模量子计算的进展和面临的主要挑战。相关系统包括III-V或II-VI族化合物半导体(例如InGaAs和CdSe)的自组装QD、化合物半导体量子阱中的单层波动QD以及固体中的杂质中心,例如硅中的P-施主和金刚石中的氮空位中心。讨论了电子自旋量子比特的退相干问题,评述了各种解决退相干问题的方案。我们提出了由几个量子位组成的局部节点的设计,这些量子位可以单独寻址和控制。通过光子结构(微腔和波导)连接远程分离的局部节点,形成大规模分布式量子系统或量子网络。量子网络的操作包括单电子自旋的光学控制、局部节点中两个自旋的耦合、量子点中静止自旋量子比特与波导中飞行光子量子比特之间的光学控制量子接口、自旋量子比特的快速初始化以及量子比特特定的单次非破坏性量子测量。快速量子比特初始化可以通过经由声子或光子浴选择性地增强某些熵转储通道来实现。单次量子测量可以通过集成光子网络原位实现。讨论了量子非破坏测量与大规模量子计算的关系。为了说明该方法的可行性和需求,本文以Shor算法分解15为例,对该方法的资源进行了估计。

英文摘要:

We review the progress and main challenges in implementing large-scale quantum computing by optical control of electron spins in quantum dots (QDs). Relevant systems include self-assembled QDs of III-V or II-VI compound semiconductors (such as InGaAs and CdSe), monolayer fluctuation QDs in compound semiconductor quantum wells, and impurity centers in solids such as P-donors in silicon and nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. The decoherence of the electron spin qubits is discussed and various schemes for countering the decoherence problem are reviewed. We put forward designs of local nodes consisting of a few qubits which can be individually addressed and controlled. Remotely separated local nodes are connected by photonic structures (microcavities and waveguides) to form a large-scale distributed quantum system or a quantum network. The operation of the quantum network consists of optical control of a single electron spin, coupling of two spins in a local nodes, optically controlled quantum interfacing between stationary spin qubits in QDs and flying photon qubits in waveguides, rapid initialization of spin qubits, and qubit-specific single-shot non-demolition quantum measurement. The rapid qubit initialization may be realized by selectively enhancing certain entropy dumping channels via phonon or photon baths. The single-shot quantum measurement may be in-situ implemented through the integrated photonic network. The relevance of quantum non-demolition measurement to large-scale quantum computation is discussed. To illustrate the feasibility and demand, the resources are estimated for the benchmark problem of factorizing 15 with Shor's algorithm.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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