范德华近似下大$N_c$核的液-气相变
The nuclear liquid-gas phase transition at large $N_c$ in the Van der Waals approximation
摘要：
本文在范德华（VdW）模型的框架下研究了原子核液-气相变的大量颜色（$N_c$）。我们认为，VdW方程是适当的描述核子间的力量，并讨论如何与$N_c$的各个参数的标度。我们证明，$N_c=3$（我们的世界）是不是大相对于其他无量纲尺度相关的重子物质，邻居的数量在一个稠密的系统$N_N$。因此，我们证明了液-气相变在$N_c \to \infty$上看起来与我们的世界有很大的不同：临界点温度变成了$\lqcd$的数量级，而不是低于它。临界点密度变成了重子密度的数量级，而不是低于它一个数量级。这些正是通常与“夸克相”有关的特征。因此，我们推测夸克物质只是核液体的大$N_c$极限，而$N_c$和$N_N$之间的相互作用是我们世界的核液体与夸克物质如此不同的原因。最后，我们提出的方法，我们的猜想可以在未来的晶格测量进行测试。
英文摘要：
We examine the nuclear liquid-gas phase transition at large number of colors ($N_c$) within the framework of the Van Der Waals (VdW) model. We argue that the VdW equation is appropriate at describing inter-nucleon forces, and discuss how each parameter scales with $N_c$. We demonstrate that $N_c=3$ (our world) is not large with respect to the other dimensionless scale relevant to baryonic matter, the number of neighbors in a dense system $N_N$. Consequently, we show that the liquid-gas phase transition looks dramatically different at $N_c \to \infty$ with respect of our world: The critical point temperature becomes of the order of $\lqcd$ rather than below it. The critical point density becomes of the order of the baryonic density, rather than an order of magnitude below it. These are precisely the characteristics usually associated with the "Quarkyonic phase". We therefore conjecture that quarkyonic matter is simply the large $N_c$ limit of the nuclear liquid, and the interplay between $N_c$ and $N_N$ is the reason why the nuclear liquid in our world is so different from quarkyonic matter. We conclude by suggesting ways our conjecture can be tested in future lattice measurements.
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