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arXiv 1006.1889astro-ph.HEhep-ex
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超新星中微子通量的快时变化及其可探测性

Fast time variations of supernova neutrino fluxes and their detectability

Tina Lund, Andreas Marek, Cecilia Lunardini, Hans-Thomas Janka, Georg Raffelt

摘要:

在延迟爆炸的核心坍缩超新星(SNe)的情况下,吸积阶段表现出明显的对流翻转和低多极流体动力学不稳定性,站立吸积激波不稳定性(SASI)。这些效应在出现的中微子通量上留下了可检测的快速时间变化。在现有的探测器中,IceCube最适合这项任务,在10 kpc的基准SN距离的吸积阶段提供每毫秒约1000个事件的事件率,可与百万吨水切伦科夫探测器相媲美。如果SASI活动持续几百ms,则具有平均信号的1%的幅度的傅立叶分量明显地从散粒噪声中突出。我们详细分析了轴对称流体动力学模拟的输出,预测更大的振幅高达几百赫兹的频率。如果这些模型大致代表了现实的SNe,那么中微子信号的快速时间变化很容易在IceCube或未来的兆吨级仪器中检测到。我们还讨论了从这种测量中可以推断出的有关SN核物理和SN爆炸机制的信息。

英文摘要:

In the delayed explosion scenario of core-collapse supernovae (SNe), the accretion phase shows pronounced convective overturns and a low-multipole hydrodynamic instability, the standing accretion shock instability (SASI). These effects imprint detectable fast time variations on the emerging neutrino flux. Among existing detectors, IceCube is best suited to this task, providing an event rate of ~1000 events per ms during the accretion phase for a fiducial SN distance of 10 kpc, comparable to what could be achieved with a megaton water Cherenkov detector. If the SASI activity lasts for several hundred ms, a Fourier component with an amplitude of 1% of the average signal clearly sticks out from the shot noise. We analyze in detail the output of axially symmetric hydrodynamical simulations that predict much larger amplitudes up to frequencies of a few hundred Hz. If these models are roughly representative for realistic SNe, fast time variations of the neutrino signal are easily detectable in IceCube or future megaton-class instruments. We also discuss the information that could be deduced from such a measurement about the physics in the SN core and the explosion mechanism of the SN.

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