We analyze the impact of the Fermi non-detection of gamma-ray emission from clusters of galaxies on hadronic models for the origin of cluster radio halos. In hadronic models, the inelastic proton-proton collisions responsible for the production of the electron-positron population fueling the observed synchrotron radio emission yield a gamma-ray flux, from the decay of neutral pions, whose spectrum and normalization depend on the observed radio emissivity and on the cluster magnetic field. We thus infer lower limits on the average cluster magnetic field in hadronic models from the Fermi gamma-ray limits. We also calculate the corresponding maximal energy density in cosmic rays and the minimal-guaranteed gamma-ray flux from hadronic radio-halo models. We find that the observationally most interesting cases correspond to clusters with large radio emissivities featuring soft spectra. Estimates of the central magnetic field values for those clusters are larger than, or close, to the largest magnetic field values inferred from Faraday rotation measures of clusters, placing tension on the hadronic origin of radio halos. In most cases, however, we find that the Fermi data do not per se rule out hadronic models for cluster radio halos as the expected gamma-ray flux can be pushed below the Fermi sensitivity for asymptotically large magnetic fields. We also find that cosmic rays do not contribute significantly to the cluster energy budget for nearby radio halo clusters.
Radio Halos From Simulations And Hadronic Models II: The Scaling Relations of Radio Halos
我们使用的结果从一个约束,宇宙学MHD模拟的本地宇宙预测无线电晕和它们的演化体积有限的一组星系团,并比较目前的观测。星团内部的模拟磁场是它们内部湍流放大的结果,磁性种子来自恒星爆发驱动的星系外流。我们评估三种模型,在那里我们选择不同的标准化的宇宙射线质子人口集群内。与我们之前对后发座星系团的分析(Donnert et al. 2010)类似,即使宇宙射线质子群中的能量分数径向增加,观测到的射电晕的径向轮廓和形态特征也无法重现。X射线光度和射电功率之间的标度关系可以被所有模型再现,但是所有模型都不能预测没有射电发射的星系团。此外,在所有模型中,我们最大的星系团的演化轨迹都未能再现观测到的射电光度双峰。这提供了额外的证据,强子,次级模型的框架是不赞成再现大规模的弥漫性无线电发射的星系团。我们还提供了预测的不可避免的发射$γ$ -射线的强子模型的完整的集群集。这些次级模型中没有一个被观测到的$γ$射线发射的极限所排除,强调大尺度漫射射电发射是限制星系团中宇宙射线质子数量的有力工具。
MeerKAT observations of Abell 1775 and Abell 1795: the discovery of a hadronic radio halo?
Leiden University(莱顿大学);University of Toronto(多伦多大学);INAF – Istituto di Radioastronomia(意大利国家天体物理研究所射电天文学研究所);Ruhr-Universität Bochum(波鸿鲁尔大学);Durham University(杜伦大学);Università di Bologna(博洛尼亚大学);University of Hamburg(汉堡大学)
No evidence for gamma-ray halos around active galactic nuclei resulting from intergalactic magnetic fields
我们分析了Ap. J. Lett.中报道的堆积活动星系核周围的伽马射线晕,2010,722,L39。首先,我们表明,周围的堆叠活动星系核的γ射线的角分布是一致的蟹状星云脉冲星,这是费米/LAT的点源周围的γ射线的角分布。这使得它不太可能晕是由电磁级联TeV光子在星系际空间。然后,我们比较周围的堆叠活动星系核的γ射线的角分布与费米/LAT的点扩散函数(PSF),并确认存在一个多余的PSF以上。然而,我们证明,这种效果的幅度和角度大小是不同的费米/LAT仪器的前部和后部转换的光子,因此是一种仪器效应。