arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1006.0463quant-ph
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纠缠在一起

Tangled in entanglements

Arto Annila, Tarja Kallio-Tamminen

摘要:

利用最小作用量原理解决了量子力学中两个著名的概念难题:瞬时作用量和波粒不可分性质。由于任何测量都是一种作用,因此可以推断,对于观察者来说,粒子的自旋就像光子的偏振一样是不确定的,直到至少有一个作用量从物体流向观察者。检测将所讨论的量置于观察者的参考系中。假设两个光子从辐射衰变产生关联对以来没有受到扰动,那么一个光子的这个参考系也将瞬间应用于另一个光子的偏振。单光子或电子的波粒二象性,双缝实验所证明的,也可以用作用来理解。粒子源和它们在探测器处的汇之间的能量密度差是一种驱动力,该驱动力将导致诸如光子或电子之类的能量密度流沿着最小作用的路径向下传播。因为没有空间是没有能量密度的,作为密度流的传播粒子将总是扰动周围的密度。当包括扰动在内的驱动密度差通过两条或多条路径趋于平稳时,随后的密度流相互依赖。因此,通过两个狭缝的流永远不能彼此分离,这将表现为不可分的粒子波特征。关键词:超距作用;双缝实验;能量色散;演化;量子佯谬;最小作用量原理

英文摘要:

Two well-known conceptual conundrums of quantum mechanics referred to as instantaneous action-at-a-distance and inseparable wave-particle character are tackled using the principle of least action. Since any measurement is an action, it is reasoned that the spin of a particle just as the polarization of a photon remain indetermined for the observer until at least a quantum of action flows from the object to the observer. The detection places the quantity in question in the observer's frame of reference. This reference frame for one photon will instantaneously apply also to the polarization of the other photon provided that the two photons have not been perturbed ever since the correlated pair emerged from a radiative decay. The wave-particle duality of a single photon or an electron, that the double-slit experiment demonstrates, can also be understood in terms of actions. The energy density difference between the source of particles and their sink at the detector is a driving force that will cause flows of energy densities such as photons or electrons to propagate down along the paths of least action. Since no space is empty of energy density, the propagating particle as a flow of density will invariably perturb surrounding densities. When the driving density difference including the perturbation is leveling off via two or more paths, the ensuing flows of densities depend on each other. Therefore the flows through the two slits can never be separated from each other which will manifest as the inseparable particle-wave character. Keywords: action-at-a-distance; double slit experiment; energy dispersal; evolution; quantum paradoxes; the principle of least action

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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