arXiv 1005.43072010-05-24quant-phhep-ph

粒子振荡的量子测量方法

The quantum measurement approach to particle oscillations

C. Anastopoulos, N. Savvidou

备注：: 56 pages, 3 figures

摘要：

在中微子振荡中出现的LSND和MiniBoone现象通常被认为是标准模型之外的物理现象。然而，它们可能是粒子振荡理论处理的一种假象，忽略了与实验相关的量子测量理论的细微之处。在本文中，我们构建了一个严格的测量理论框架来描述粒子振荡，不采用量子理论的任何假设。形式主义导致一个非标准的振荡公式;在低能量下，它预测一个“异常”振荡波长，而在高能量下，它不同于标准表达式的一个因素2。该形式主义的关键新颖之处在于将粒子到达探测器的时间视为真正的量子可观察量、量子概率定义的理论精确度以及测量过程的详细建模。文章还包含了一个广泛的批判性审查现有的理论处理粒子振荡，确定关键问题，并表明这些都克服了所提出的形式主义。

英文摘要：

The LSND and MiniBoone seeming anomalies in neutrino oscillations are usually attributed to physics beyond the Standard model. It is, however, possible that they may be an artefact of the theoretical treatment of particle oscillations that ignores fine points of quantum measurement theory relevant to the experiments. In this paper, we construct a rigorous measurement-theoretic framework for the description of particle oscillations, employing no assumptions extrinsic to quantum theory. The formalism leads to a non-standard oscillation formula; at low energy it predicts an `anomalous' oscillation wavelength, while at high energy it differs from the standard expression by a factor of 2. The key novelties in the formalism are the treatment of a particle's time of arrival at the detector as a genuine quantum observable, the theoretical precision in the definition of quantum probabilities, and the detailed modeling of the measurement process. The article also contains an extensive critical review of existing theoretical treatments of particle oscillations, identifying key problems and showing that these are overcome by the proposed formalism.

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