arXiv 0907.28782009-07-16quant-phhep-ph

粒子振荡的量子测量理论

Quantum measurement theory for particle oscillations

C. Anastopoulos, N. Savvidou

备注：: 4 pages,revtex

摘要：

量子理论的一个基本原理在双缝实验中得到了清楚的体现，即对于任何无法通过测量区分的替代物，物理预言都是通过它们的振幅求和得到的。在粒子振荡实验中，粒子的探测时间并不是直接测量的，因此探测概率应该是不同探测时间对应的振幅之和。然而，与上述原理相反，标准处理涉及概率求和而不是振幅;这隐含地假设存在散肩机制。在这项工作中，我们构造的检测概率粒子振荡的振幅求和，对应于不同的检测时间。由此产生的粒子振荡波长与标准表达式相差两倍。此外，我们预测用于检测的衰减过程的阈值上的振荡波长的依赖性。

英文摘要：

A fundamental principle of quantum theory, clearly manifested in the two-slit experiment, is that for any alternatives that cannot be distinguished by measurement physical predictions are obtained by summation of their amplitudes. In particle oscillation experiments, a particle's time of detection is not directly measured, consequently, the detection probability should involve the summation over amplitudes corresponding to different detection times. However, in contrast to the principle above, standard treatments involve summation over probabilities rather than amplitudes; this implicitly assumes the existence of a decohering mechanism. In this work, we construct the detection probabilities for particle oscillations by summation over amplitudes, corresponding to different detection times. The resulting wavelength of particle oscillations differs from the standard expression by a factor of two. Moreover, we predict a dependence of the oscillation wavelength on the threshold of the decay process used for detection.

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