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arXiv 1005.1783astro-ph.GA
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Hi-GAL巡天两个区域YSO演化阶段和形成时间线的Herschel研究

A Herschel study of YSO evolutionary stages and formation timelines in two fields of the Hi-GAL survey

D. Elia, E. Schisano, S. Molinari, T. Robitaille, D. Anglés-Alcázar, J. Bally, C. Battersby, M. Benedettini, N. Billot, L. Calzoletti, A. M. Di Giorgio, F. Faus… 展开作者

D. Elia, E. Schisano, S. Molinari, T. Robitaille, D. Anglés-Alcázar, J. Bally, C. Battersby, M. Benedettini, N. Billot, L. Calzoletti, A. M. Di Giorgio, F. Faustini, J. Z. Li, P. Martin, L. Morgan, F. Motte, J. C. Mottram, P. Natoli, L. Olmi, R. Paladini, F. Piacentini, M. Pestalozzi, S. Pezzuto, D. Polychroni, M. D. Smith, F. Strafella, G. S. Stringfellow, L. Testi, M. A. Thompson, A. Traficante, M. Veneziani

摘要:

我们首次研究了Herschel在两个2 \times 2 \degr星系中发现的恒星形成致密尘埃凝聚以[l;b] = [30 \degr ; 0 \degr ]和[l;b] = [59 \degr ; 0 \degr ],并在赫歇尔红外银河平面调查(Hi-GAL)关键项目的科学演示阶段进行了观察。在五个Hi-GAL波段(70,160,250,350和500 $μ$ m)的两个字段中提取的紧凑源目录合并的基础上的位置关联和光谱能量分布(SED)的一致性的简单标准到一个最终的目录,其中只包含在至少三个相邻的Herschel带的同行相干SED。这些最终源列表包含用于l = 30 \degr字段的528个条目,以及用于l = 59 \degr字段的444个条目。SED的覆盖范围已扩大与辅助数据在24 $μ$米和1.1毫米。SED建模的子集318和101源(在两个领域,分别)的距离是已知的进行了使用结构化的星/盘/信封辐射转移模型和一个简单的等温灰体。全球参数,如质量,光度,温度和尘埃的性质进行了估计。Lbol/Menv比率跨越四个数量级,从与前原恒星相兼容的值到嵌入的大质量零年龄主序星。l = 59 \degr场中的源具有平均较低的L/M,可能概述了相对于l = 30 \degr场中的源的总体较早的进化阶段。许多这些核心正在积极形成高质量的恒星,虽然估计的核心表面密度似乎是一个数量级低于1克厘米$^{-2}$的临界阈值的高质量恒星形成。

英文摘要:

We present a first study of the star-forming compact dust condensations revealed by Herschel in the two 2 \times 2 \degr Galactic Plane fields centered at [l;b] = [30\degr; 0 \degr] and [l;b] = [59\degr; 0 \degr], respectively, and observed during the Science Demonstration Phase for the Herschel infrared Galactic Plane survey (Hi-GAL) Key-Project. Compact source catalogs extracted for the two fields in the five Hi-GAL bands (70, 160, 250, 350 and 500 $μ$m) were merged based on simple criteria of positional association and spectral energy distribution (SED) consistency into a final catalog which contains only coherent SEDs with counterparts in at least three adjacent Herschel bands. These final source lists contain 528 entries for the l = 30\degr field, and 444 entries for the l = 59\degr field. The SED coverage has been augmented with ancillary data at 24 $μ$m and 1.1 mm. SED modeling for the subset of 318 and 101 sources (in the two fields, respectively) for which the distance is known was carried out using both a structured star/disk/envelope radiative transfer model and a simple isothermal grey-body. Global parameters like mass, luminosity, temperature and dust properties have been estimated. The Lbol/Menv ratio spans four orders of magnitudes from values compatible with the pre-protostellar phase to embedded massive zero-age main sequence stars. Sources in the l = 59\degr field have on average lower L/M, possibly outlining an overall earlier evolutionary stage with respect to the sources in the l = 30\degr field. Many of these cores are actively forming high-mass stars, although the estimated core surface densities appear to be an order of magnitude below the 1 g cm$^{-2}$ critical threshold for high-mass star formation.

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