The mean-field triplon analysis is developed for spin-S quantum antiferromagnets with dimerized ground states. For the spin-1/2 case, it reduces to the well known bond-operator mean-field theory. It is applied to a coupled-dimer model on square lattice, and to a model on honeycomb lattice with spontaneous dimerization in the ground state. Different phases in the ground state are investigated as a function of spin. It is found that under suitable conditions (such as strong frustration) a quantum ground state (dimerized singlet phase in the present study) can survive even in the limit $S\rightarrow \infty$. Two quick extensions of this representation are also presented. In one case, it is extended to include the quintet states. In another, a similar representation is worked out on a square plaquette. A convenient procedure for evaluating the total-spin eigenstates for a pair of quantum spins is presented in the appendix.
We introduce an effective 2-dimer tight-binding model for the family of Shastry-Sutherland models with geometrically tunable triplon excitations. The Rashba pseudospin-orbit coupling induced by the tilted external magnetic field leads to elementary excitations having nontrivial topological properties with π-Berry flux. The interplay between the in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic field thus allows us to effectively engineer the band structure in this bosonic system. In particular, the in-plane magnetic field gives rise to Berry curvature hotspot near the bottom of the triplon band, and at the s…
We derive and study a spin-orbital model for ions with $d^1$ electronic configuration on a honeycomb lattice. In this system, the directional character of $t_{2g}$ orbital leads to extensively degenerate dimerized ground states. We find that additional interactions from charge transfer processes completely lift the degeneracy and stabilize the Kekule spin-orbit dimerized phase where dimers form a kagome superlattice. For such phase, the triplon band spectrum resembles the electronic band structure of the kagome lattice and becomes topologically non-trivial in the presence of inter-dimer Dzyalo…
The celebrated Shastry Sutherland model has a gapped dimer singlet ground state. The material SrCu$_2$(BO$_3$)$_2$ serves as a good realization of this model, upto small anisotropies arising from Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interactions. The DM interactions admix a triplet component into the singlet ground state and give rise to weakly dispersing triplon bands. We show that an applied magnetic field splits the triplon modes and opens band gaps. Surprisingly, we are left with topological bands with Chern numbers $\pm 2$. SrCu$_2$(BO$_3$)$_2$ thus supports topologically protected triplonic edge m…
The search for topological insulators has been actively promoted in the field of condensed matter physics for further development in energy-efficient information transmission and processing. In this context, recent studies have revealed that not only electrons but also bosonic particles such as magnons can construct edge states carrying nontrivial topological invariants. Here we demonstrate topological triplon bands in the spin-1/2 two-dimensional dimerized quantum antiferromagnet Ba$_2$CuSi$_2$O$_6$Cl$_2$, which is closely related to a pseudo-one-dimensional variant of the Su-Schrieffer-Heege…
We study a system of interacting triplons (the elementary excitations of a valence-bond solid) described by an effective interacting boson model derived within the bond-operator formalism. In particular, we consider the square lattice spin-1/2 $J_1$-$J_2$ antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model, focus on the intermediate parameter region, where a quantum paramagnetic phase sets in, and consider the columnar valence-bond solid phase. Within the bond-operator theory, the Heisenberg model is mapped into an effective boson model in terms of triplet operators $t$. The effective boson model is studied at…
Topological properties of physical systems are attracting tremendous interest. Recently, magnetic solid state compounds with and without magnetic order have become a focus. We show that ${\text{BiCu}}_{2}{\text{PO}}_{6}$ is the first gapful quantum antiferromagnet with a finite Zak phase, which characterises one-dimensional systems, and only the second with topological non-trivial triplon excitations. Surprisingly, in spite of the bulk-boundary correspondence no localised edge mode occurs. This unexpected behaviour is explained by the distinction between direct and indirect gaps among the trip…
Triangular-lattice anisotropic dimerized Heisenberg antiferromagnet: Stability and excitations of the quantum paramagnetic phase
受非磁性三角晶格莫特绝缘体实验的启发，我们研究了一个候选顺磁相，柱状二聚体（或价键）相。我们应用键算子理论的变体，二聚和空间各向异性自旋1/2海森堡模型，并确定其零温度相图和基本三重激发（三重子）的光谱。根据模型参数，我们发现，最低的三体子能量位于一个公度或非公度波矢。在这个三重态-无公度跃迁处的三重态凝聚定义了一个量子Lifshitz点，有效的降维可能导致在三重态带隙的闭合附近出现非平凡的顺磁（例如自旋液体）态。我们还讨论了高能三重子的两粒子衰变，我们评论的相关性，我们的结果为有机莫特绝缘体EtMe 3 P [Pd（dmit）2]2。
We look into the quantum phase diagram of a spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ antiferromagnet on the square lattice with degenerate Shastry-Sutherland ground states, for which only a schematic phase diagram is known so far. Many exotic phases were proposed in the schematic phase diagram by the use of exact diagonalization on very small system sizes. In our present work, an important extension of this antiferromagnet is introduced and investigated in the thermodynamic limit using triplon mean-field theory. Remarkably, this antiferromagnet shows a stable plaquette spin-gapped phase like the original Shastry-Su…
We compute the $K$ and $L_{3}$ -edge resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) spectrum of the columnar and the staggered quantum dimer states accessible to the square lattice Heisenberg magnet. Utilizing a bond operator representation mean field theory we investigate the RIXS features of the one- and two-triplon excitation spectrum supported by the quantum dimer model in the background of condensed singlet excitation. We find that the two-triplon excitation boundary lies within a 124 (78) meV to (414) 345 meV energy range for the columnar (staggered) phase. We estimated the two-triplon gap t…
Cooperative order and excitation spectra in the bicomponent spin networks
结合键算符表象（对于$S=1/2$自旋二聚体）和Holstein-Primakoff变换（对于$S=5/2$自旋），研究了由$S=1/2$自旋二聚体和$S=5/2$自旋链组成的亚铁磁自旋模型.自旋二聚体和自旋链之间的有限相互作用$J_{\rm DF}$使自旋链反铁磁有序化，使自旋二聚体极化。由自旋二聚体介导的自旋链之间的有效相互作用被计算到第三阶。自旋二聚体中的交错磁化强度与$J_{\rm DF}$成比例。它提供了一个有效的交错场作用在自旋链上。由于链的磁化，三重子的简并被提升，并且识别出具有纵向极化的模式。由于三重子-磁振子相互作用，杂化类三重子激发在消失的$J_{\rm DF}$附近表现出不同的行为。另一方面，杂化的类磁振子激发打开了能隙$Δ_A\sim J_{\rm DF}$。这些结果与Cu $_{2}$ Fe $_{2}$ Ge $_{4}$ O $_{13}$的实验结果一致。
We study a bilayer of the frustrated $J_1$-$J_2$ Heisenberg-model on the square lattice. Starting from the dimer limit at strong interlayer coupling, we perform series expansions using the perturbative Continuous Unitary Transformation, based on the flow equation method, in order to determine the spectrum up to the two-triplon sector. From the one-triplon dispersion we obtain quantum critical lines for transitions from the dimer phase into either Néel or collinear magnetic order. For low to intermediate frustration these transitions are consistent with existing findings, based on the magnetic …
We study topological properties of one-triplon bands in an extended Shastry-Sutherland model relevant for the frustrated quantum magnet SrCu_2(BO_3)_2. To this end perturbative continuous unitary transformations are applied about the isolated dimer limit allowing to calculate the one-triplon dispersion up to high order in various couplings including intra and inter Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions and a general uniform magnetic field. We determine the Berry curvature and the Chern number of the different one-triplon bands. We demonstrate the occurance of Chern numbers $\pm 1$ and $\pm 2$ for…
Often, exotic phases appear in the phase diagrams between conventional phases. Their elementary excitations are of particular interest. Here, we consider the example of the ionic Hubbard model in one dimension. This model is a band insulator (BI) for weak interaction and a Mott insulator (MI) for strong interaction. Inbetween, a spontaneously dimerized insulator (SDI) occurs which is governed by energetically low-lying charge and spin degrees of freedom. Applying a systematically controlled version of the continuous unitary transformations (CUTs) we are able to determine the dispersions of the…
The structure of K2Ni2(MoO4)3 consists of S=1 tetramers formed by Ni^{2+} ions. The magnetic susceptibility chi(T) and specific heat Cp(T) data on a single crystal show a broad maximum due to the low-dimensionality of the system with short-range spin correlations. A sharp peak is seen in chi(T) and Cp(T) at about 1.13 K, well below the broad maximum. This is an indication of magnetic long-range order i.e., the absence of spin-gap in the ground state. Interestingly, the application of a small magnetic field (H>0.1 T) induces magnetic behavior akin to Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of triplon …
Magnetic Field-Induced Condensation of Triplons in Han Purple Pigment BaCuSi$_2$O$_6$
BaCuSi $_2$ O $_6$是一种具有带隙自旋二聚体基态的准二维磁性绝缘体。强磁场的应用关闭了这个间隙，产生了一种称为三重子的玻色子自旋三重态激发气体。自旋晶格的拓扑结构使BaCuSi $_2$ O $_6$成为研究三重子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚随外部磁场变化的理想候选者，外部磁场充当化学势。与量子Monte Carlo数值模拟一致，我们观察到一个独特的超导异常的比热连同最大的磁化率冷却到液氦温度。
We study a frustrated spin-$S$ staggered-dimer Heisenberg model on square lattice by using the bond-operator representation for quantum spins, and investigate the emergence of classical magnetic order from the quantum mechanical (staggered-dimer singlet) ground state for increasing $S$. Using triplon analysis, we find the critical couplings for this quantum phase transition to scale as $1/S(S+1)$. We extend the triplon analysis to include the effect of quintet dimer-states, which proves to be essential for establishing the classical order (Néel or collinear in the present study) for large $S$,…
Thermal Hall conductivity of a valence bond solid phase in the square lattice $J_1$-$J_2$ antiferromagnet Heisenberg model with a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
Structural and magnetic properties of a quasi-one-dimensional spin-$1/2$ compound NaVOPO$_4$ are explored by x-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, high-field magnetization, specific heat, electron spin resonance, and $^{31}$P nuclear magnetic resonance measurements, as well as complementary \textit{ab initio} calculations. Whereas magnetic susceptibility of NaVOPO$_4$ may be compatible with the gapless uniform spin chain model, detailed examination of the crystal structure reveals a weak alternation of the exchange couplings with the alternation ratio $α\simeq 0.98$ and the ensuing zero-…
The Shastry-Sutherland compound SrCu$_2$(BO$_3$)$_2$ constituting orthogonally coupled dimers harbors a $S=0$ singlet ground state. The confluence of strong interdimer interaction and frustration engenders a spectrum of low-energy excitations including localized triplons as well as singlet and triplet bound states. Their dynamics are controlled by an external magnetic field and temperature. Here, we employ high-field Raman spectroscopy to map the field and temperature evolution of such bosonic composite quasiparticles on approaching the 1/8 magnetization plateau. Our study unveils that the mag…
A spin-1 Heisenberg model on trimerized Kagomé lattice is studied by doing a low-energy bosonic theory in terms of plaquette-triplons defined on its triangular unit-cells. The model has an intra-triangle antiferromagnetic exchange interaction, $J$ (set to 1), and two inter-triangle couplings, $J^\prime>0$ (nearest-neighbor) and $J^{\prime\prime}$ (next-nearest-neighbor; of both signs). The triplon analysis of this model studies the stability of the trimerized singlet (TS) ground state in the $J^\prime$-$J^{\prime\prime}$ plane. It gives a quantum phase diagram that has two gapless antiferromag…
Ultralow-Field Triplon Condensation in a Spin-Ladder Magnet
Charles University（查理大学）；Technische Universität München（慕尼黑工业大学）；VSB--Technical University of Ostrava（俄斯特拉发理工大学）；University of Augsburg（奥格斯堡大学）；CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes（法国国家科学研究中心，格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学）；Rutherford Appleton Laboratory（鲁瑟福阿普尔顿实验室）；Institut Laue-Langevin（朗之万研究所）；European Spallation Source ERIC（欧洲散裂源）
The twin discoveries of the quantum Hall effect, in the 1980's, and of topological band insulators, in the 2000's, were landmarks in physics that enriched our view of the electronic properties of solids. In a nutshell, these discoveries have taught us that quantum mechanical wavefunctions in crystalline solids may carry nontrivial topological invariants which have ramifications for the observable physics. One of the side effects of the recent topological insulator revolution has been that such physics is much more widespread than was appreciated ten years ago. For example, while topological in…
Anomalous thermal broadening in the Shastry-Sutherland model and SrCu$_2($BO$_3)_2$
University of Munich（慕尼黑大学）；Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Munich（慕尼黑大学阿诺德·索末菲尔德理论物理中心）；Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems（马克斯·普朗克复杂系统物理研究所）；Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay（巴黎萨克雷大学CEA-CNRS莱昂·布里渊实验室）；Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Modélisation, CNRS UMR 8089, CY Cergy Paris Université（CY塞吉巴黎大学CNRS 8089号理论与建模物理实验室）
We study a generalized quantum spin ladder with staggered long range interactions that decay as a power-law with exponent $α$. Using large scale quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) and the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) simulations, we show that this model undergoes a transition from a rung-dimer phase characterized by a non-local string order parameter, to a symmetry broken Néel phase. We find evidence that the transition is second order.In the magnetically ordered phase, the spectrum exhibits gapless modes, while excitations in the gapped phase are well described in terms of triplons -- b…
We study a generalized quantum spin ladder with staggered long range interactions that decay as a power-law with exponent $α$. Using large scale quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) and density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) simulations, we show that this model undergoes a transition from a rung-dimer phase characterized by a non-local string order parameter, to a symmetry broken Néel phase. We find evidence that the transition is second order. In the magnetically ordered phase, the spectrum exhibits gapless modes, while excitations in the gapped phase are well described in terms of triplons -- boun…
The quantum dimer magnet (QDM) is the canonical example of quantum magnetism. The QDM state consists of entangled nearest-neighbor spin dimers and often exhibits a field-induced triplon Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) phase. We report on a new QDM in the strongly spin-orbit coupled, distorted honeycomb-lattice material Yb$_2$Si$_2$O$_7$. Our single crystal neutron scattering, specific heat, and ultrasound velocity measurements reveal a gapped singlet ground state at zero field with sharp, dispersive excitations. We find a field-induced magnetically ordered phase reminiscent of a BEC phase, with…
By means of large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we examine the quantum critical scaling of the magnetic excitation gap (the triplon gap) in a three-dimensional dimerized quantum antiferromagnet, the bicubic lattice, and identify characteristic multiplicative logarithmic scaling corrections atop the leading mean-field behavior. These findings are in accord with field-theoretical predictions that are based on an effective description of the quantum critical system in terms of an asymptotically-free field theory, which exhibits a logarithmic decay of the renormalized interaction strength…
The Hida model, defined on honeycomb lattice, is a spin-1/2 Heisenberg model of aniferromagnetic hexagons (with nearest-neighbor interaction, $J_A>0$) coupled via ferromagnetic bonds (with exchange interaction, $J_F <0$). It applies to the spin-gapped organic materials, m-MPYNN.X (for $\mathrm{X}=$I, BF4, ClO4), and for $|J_F|\gg J_A$, it reduces to the spin-$1$ kagomé Heisenberg antiferromagnet (KHA). Motivated by the recent finding of trimerized singlet (TS) ground state for spin-1 KHA, we investigate the evolution of the ground state of Hida model from weak to strong $J_F/J_A$ using mean-fi…
The numerical value of a universal quantity associated with the quantum critical regime, namely $χ_u c^2/T$, for a two-dimensional (2D) dimerized spin-1/2 antiferromagnet is calculated using the quantum Monte Carlo simulations (QMC). Here $χ_u$, $c$, and $T$ are the uniform susceptibility, the spin-wave velocity, and the temperature, respectively. By simulating large lattices at moderately low temperatures, we find $χ_u c^2/T \sim 0.32$. Our estimation of $χ_u c^2/T$ deviates from the related analytic prediction but agrees with recent numerical calculations of other 2D dimerized spin-1/2 antif…
Generalized Hardcore Dimer Models approach to low-energy Heisenberg frustrated antiferromagnets: general properties and application to the kagome antiferromagnet
We measured magnetization, specific heat, electron spin resonance, neutron diffraction, and inelastic neutron scattering of CrVMoO$_7$ powder. An antiferromagnetically ordered state appears below $T_{\rm N} = 26.5 \pm 0.8$ K. We consider that the probable spin model for CrVMoO$_7$ is an interacting antiferromagnetic spin-$\frac{3}{2}$ dimer model. We evaluated the intradimer interaction $J$ to be $25 \pm 1$ K and the effective interdimer interaction $J_{\rm eff}$ to be $8.8 \pm 1$ K. CrVMoO$_7$ is a rare spin dimer compound that shows an antiferromagnetically ordered state at atmospheric press…
Dimerized quantum magnets provide a unique possibility to investigate Bose-Einstein condensation of magnetic excitations in crystalline systems at low temperature. Here, we model the low-temperature magnetic properties of the recently synthesized spin $S=1$ dimer system K${}_2$Ni(MoO${}_4$)$_2$ and propose it as a new candidate material for triplon and quintuplon condensation. Based on a first principles analysis of its electronic structure, we derive an effective spin-dimer model that we first solve within a mean-field approximation to refine its parameters in comparison to experiment. Finall…
We investigate the influence of quenched disorder on the dynamic structure factor of Heisenberg bilayers on the square, triangular, and kagome lattice in the quantum paramagnetic phase. Perturbative continuous unitary transformations and white graphs are employed to calculate the one-triplon contribution up to high orders in perturbation about the dimer limit for bimodal and continuous disorder. For the square lattice we find that the lifetime of the gap mode is increased by stronger quantum correlations while stronger disorder effects are observed for the triangular lattice due to geometric f…
