In this article we give a full description of the dynamics of the flat anisotropic (4+1)-dimensional cosmological model in the presence of both Gauss-Bonnet and Einstein contributions. This is the first complete description of this model with both terms taken into account. Our data is obtained using the numerical analysis, though, we use analytics to explain some features of the results obtained, and the same analytics could be applied to higher-dimensional models in higher-order Lovelock corrections. Firstly, we investigate the vacuum model and give a description of all regimes; then, we add a matter source in the form of perfect fluid and study the influence the matter exerts upon the dynamics. Thus, we give a description of matter regimes as well. Additionally, we demonstrate that the presence of matter not only "improves" the situation with a smooth transition between the standard singularity and the Kasner regime, but also brings additional regimes and even partially "erases" the boundaries between different regimes inside the same triplet. Finally, we discuss the numerical and analytical results obtained and their generalization to the higher-order models.
Anisotropic exponential cosmological solutions for a space of arbitrary dimension filled with ordinary matter in the 4th and 5th orders of Lovelock gravity are obtained. Also we have supposed a generalization of such solutions on an arbitrary order. All the solutions are represented as a set of conditions on Hubble parameters.
In this work a new family of black hole solutions in Lovelock gravity is discussed. These solutions describe anisotropic fluids which extend to the spatial infinity. Though far from the horizon their geometries approach some previously known black holes solutions the location of the horizons differ. Furthemore, although the masses of these solutions match the masses of those previously known black holes, their temperatures and entropies differ.
We investigate possible regimes in spatially flat vacuum cosmological models in cubic Lovelock gravity. The spatial section is a product of three- and extra-dimensional isotropic subspaces. This is the second paper of the series and we consider D=5 and general D>=6 cases here. For each D case we found critical values for $α$ (Gauss-Bonnet coupling) and $β$ (cubic Lovelock coupling) which separate different dynamical cases and study the dynamics in each region to find all regimes for all initial conditions and for arbitrary values of $α$ and $β$. The results suggest that for D>=3 there are regi…
In this paper we begin to perform systematical investigation of all possible regimes in spatially flat vacuum cosmological models in cubic Lovelock gravity. We consider the spatial section to be a product of three- and extra-dimensional isotropic subspaces, with the former considered to be our Universe. As the equations of motion are different for $D=3, 4, 5$ and general $D \geqslant 6$ cases, we considered them all separately. Due to the quite large amount different subcases, in the current paper we consider only $D=3, 4$ cases. For each $D$ case we found values for $α$ (Gauss-Bonnet coupling…
Brown-York quasilocal energy in Lanczos-Lovelock gravity and black hole horizons
在广义相对论中，准定域能量的标准候选者是布朗-约克能量，它本质上是一个二维的表面积分，其外在曲率位于平坦时空的类空超曲面的两个边界上。几年前，我们中的一个人已经证明，黑洞视界是由引力能和非引力能均分来定义的。利用准定域Brown-York能的上述定义，我们验证了广义相对论中关于静态带电和带电轴对称黑洞的均分猜想。我们进一步将Brown-York形式推广到Lanczos-Lovelock引力理论的所有阶，并验证了d= 2 m +2维纯Lovelock荷电黑洞的猜想，其中m是Lovelock作用量的阶数.事实证明，均分猜想只适用于纯洛夫洛克，而不适用于爱因斯坦-洛夫洛克，黑洞。
We construct an exact anisotropic star model with a linear barotropic equation of state and with Finch-Skea potential within the framework of pure Lovelock gravity. A comparison with the corresponding Einstein model in a suitable limit is easily deduced. Evidently higher curvature effects induced by the Lovelock contributions generate lower densities, pressures, surface tensions and anisotropy factors when compared to its Einstein counterpart. The maximum moment of inertia is attained for the Einstein case and hence it may be inferred that Lovelock effects soften the equation of state. The mod…
We study how the standard definitions of ADM mass and Brown-York quasi-local energy generalize to pure Lovelock gravity. The quasi-local energy is renormalized using the background subtraction prescription and we consider its limit for large surfaces. We find that the large surface limit vanishes for asymptotically flat fall-off conditions except in Einstein gravity. This problem is avoided by focusing on the variation of the quasi-local energy which correctly approaches the variation of the ADM mass for large surfaces. As a result, we obtain a new simple formula for the ADM mass in pure Lovel…
The regularization procedure for getting the four-dimensional nontrivial Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet effective description of gravity and its Lovelock generalization has been recently developed. Here we propose the regularization for the three-dimensional gravity, which is based on the rescaling of the coupling constants and, afterward, taking the limit $D \to 3$. We obtain the generalization of the Bañados-Teitelboim-Zanelli solution in the presence of the higher curvature (Gauss-Bonnet and Lovelock) corrections of any order. The obtained general solution shows a peculiar behavior: The event horizo…
We develop a covariant scheme to describe the dynamics of small perturbations on Lovelock type extended objects propagating in a flat Minkowski spacetime. The higher-dimensional analogue of the Jacobi equation in this theory becomes a wave type equation for a scalar field $Φ$. Whithin this framework, we analyse the stability of membranes with a de Sitter geometry where we find that the Jacobi equation specializes to a Klein-Gordon (KG) equation for $Φ$ possessing a tachyonic mass. This shows that, to some extent, these type of extended objects share the symmetries of the Dirac-Nambu-Goto (DNG)…
Perturbations and eikonal instabilities of black holes and branes in the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory and its Lovelock generalization were considered in the literature for several particular cases, where the asymptotic conditions (flat, dS, AdS), the number of spacetime dimensions $D$, non-vanishing coupling constants ($α_1$, $α_2$, $α_3$ etc.) and other parameters have been chosen in a specific way. Here we give a comprehensive analysis of the eikonal instabilities of black holes and branes for the \emph{most general} Lovelock theory, not limited by any of the above cases. Although the part o…
We study relativistic non-rotating stars in the framework of Lovelock gravity. In particular, we consider the Gauss-Bonnet term in a five-dimensional spacetime, and we investigate the impact of the Gauss-Bonnet parameter on properties of the stars, both isotropic and anisotropic. For matter inside the star, we assume a relativistic gas of de-confined massless quarks. We integrate the modified Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations numerically, and we obtain the mass-to-radius profile, the compactness of the star as well as the gravitational red-shift for several values of the Gauss-Bonnet parame…
In this paper we study the perturbation theory of the recently proposed Regularized Lovelock Gravity, on the curved FLRW space-time. We provide the first order perturbation equations both in the scalar and tensor sector in the presence of an additional minimally coupled scalar field. A general expression for the velocity of gravitational waves at the generic order is inferred. Moreover, we apply the results on the study of slow-roll inflation on flat FLRW background, at second order in the Regularized Lovelock Gravity, i.e. in the presence of the Gauss-Bonnet correction only. We derive the pow…
f(Lovelock) gravities are simple generalizations of the usual f(R) and Lovelock theories in which the gravitational action depends on some arbitrary function of the corresponding dimensionally-extended Euler densities. In this paper we study several aspects of these theories in general dimensions. We start by identifying the generalized boundary term which makes the gravitational variational problem well-posed. Then, we show that these theories are equivalent to certain scalar-tensor theories and how this relation is characterized by the Hessian of f. We also study the linearized equations of …
In this paper, we obtain the lower-dimensional limits $(p=2,3,4,5,6)$ of cubic Lovelock gravity through a regularized Kaluza-Klein reduction. By taking a flat internal space for simplicity, we also study the static black hole solutions in the resulting theories. We show that the solutions match with the ones obtained from the "naive limit" of $D$-dimensional equation for the metric function, which is obtained by first scaling the relevant couplings by a factor of $\frac{1}{D-p}$ and then taking the limit $D\to p$, with one important exception: In 4D, one obtains the expected solution only for …
We construct conserved quantities in pure Lovelock gravity for both static and dynamic Vaydia-type black holes with AdS, dS and flat asymptotics, applying field-theoretical formalism developed earlier. Global energy (where applicable), quasi-local energy together with fluxes of these quantities are presented for both types of black holes, considering asymptotic spacetime as background. The same quantities are constructed for dynamic black holes on the background of the related static black holes. Besides, for the dynamic black holes, energy densities and densities of energy flux are calculated…
A (3+1)-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet effective description of gravity has been recently formulated as the $D \to 4$ limit of the higher dimensional field equations after the rescaling of the coupling constant. This approach has been recently extended to the four-dimensional Einstein-Lovelock gravity. Although validity of the regularization procedure has not been shown for the general case, but only for a wide class of metrics, the black-hole solution obtained as a result of such a regularization is also an exact solution in the well defined 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory suggested by Aok…
We present the black hole solutions possessing horizon with nonconstant-curvature and additional scalar restrictions on the base manifold in Lovelock gravity coupled to Born-Infeld (BI) nonlinear electrodynamics. The asymptotic and near origin behavior of the metric is presented and we analyze different behaviors of the singularity. We find that, in contrast to the case of the black hole solutions of BI-Lovelock gravity with constant curvature horizon and Maxwell-Lovelock gravity with nonconstant horizon which has only timelike singularities, spacelike, and timelike singularities may exist for…
We investigate the black hole evaporation process in Lovelock gravity with diverse dimensions. By selecting the appropriate coefficients, the space-time solutions can possess a unique AdS vacuum with a fixed cosmological constant $Λ=-\frac{(d-1)(d-2)}{2\ell^{2}}$. The black hole solutions can be divided into two cases: $d>2k+1$ and $d=2k+1$. In the case of $d>2k+1$, the black hole is in an analogy with the Schwarzschild AdS black hole, and the life time is bounded by a time of the order of $\ell^{d-2k+1}$, which reduces Page's result on the Einstein gravity in $k=1$. In the case of $d=2k+1$, t…
Here we have developed the general parametrization for spherically symmetric and asymptotically flat black-hole spacetimes in an arbitrary metric theory of gravity. The parametrization is similar in spirit to the parametrized post-Newtonian (PPN) approximation, but valid in the whole space outside the event horizon, including the near horizon region. This generalizes the continued-fraction expansion method in terms of a compact radial coordinate suggested by Rezzolla and Zhidenko [Phys.Rev.D 90 8, 084009 (2014)] for the four-dimensional case. As the first application of our higher-dimensional …
This paper is devoted to the study of the constraint equations of the Lovelock gravity theories. In the case of an empty, compact, conformally flat, time-symmetric, and space-like manifold, we show that the Hamiltonian constraint equation becomes a generalisation of the $σ_k$-Yamabe problem. That is to say, the prescription of a linear combination of the $σ_k$-curvatures of the manifold. We search solutions in a conformal class for a compact manifold. Using the existing results on the $σ_k$-Yamabe problem, we describe some cases in which they can be extended to this new problem. This requires …
Padmanabhan in his paper [arxiv: 1206.4916] put forth an intriguing idea arguing that the accelerated expansion of the universse can be viewed as the emergence of cosmic space as cosmic time progresses, with the expansion triggered due to the difference in the degrees of freedom on a holographic surface and the one in its emerged bulk. We show that the modified expansion law of the universe proposed by Sheykhi in a non-flat Friedmann- Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe and by Cai in a flat FRW universe could be derived starting from the first law of thermodynamics, in (n+1) dimensional Einstein g…
In Hořava-Lifshitz gravity a scaling isotropic in space but anisotropic in spacetime, often called anisotropic scaling with the dynamical critical exponent z=3, lies at the base of its renormalizability. This scaling also leads to a novel mechanism of generating scale-invariant cosmological perturbations, solving the horizon problem without inflation. In this paper we propose a possible solution to the flatness problem, in which we assume that the initial condition of the Universe is set by a small instanton respecting the same scaling. We argue that the mechanism may be more general than the …
Solution of Einstein Field Equations for Anisotropic Matter with Vanishing Complexity: Spacetime Metric Satisfying Karmarkar Condition and Conformally Flat Geometry
A physically realistic stellar model with a simple expression for the energy density and conformally flat interior is found. The relations between the different physical conditions are used without graphic proofs. It may represnet a real pulsar.
In homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmology, the topology of the universe determines its ultimate fate. If the Weak Energy Condition is satisfied, open and flat universes must expand forever, while closed cosmologies can recollapse to a Big Crunch. A similar statement holds for homogeneous but anisotropic (Bianchi) universes. Here, we prove that $arbitrarily$ inhomogeneous and anisotropic cosmologies with "flat" (including toroidal) and "open" (including compact hyperbolic) spatial topology that are initially expanding must continue to expand forever at least in some regi…
