从失控增长向寡头增长过渡的新条件
A new condition for the transition from runaway to oligarchic growth
摘要：
由于引力聚焦，~km或更大的宏观天体的吸积作用显著增强.可以区分两种制度。最初，系统经历失控的增长，其中引力聚焦因子增加，并且在分布的高质量尾部的物体增长最快。然而，在某些时候，失控的身体动态加热其环境，引力聚焦因子减少，失控的增长转变为寡头增长。基于最近的模拟结果，我们重新考虑失控的增长寡头过渡。与寡头政治相反，我们发现，失控的增长不能用两个组件模型（小和大机构）来近似，并且Ida & Makino（1993）的标准，这是经常被采用的寡头政治的开始，是不是一个充分的条件来表示过渡。相反，我们提出了一个新的标准的基础上的时间尺度参数。然后，我们发现了一个更大的失控增长-寡头过渡值：从内盘区域的几百公里到外盘区域的约10^3公里。这些发现是一致的，认为失控的增长一直负责今天柯伊伯带物体的大小分布。我们的发现进一步概述了寡头阶段开始时的适当初始条件。
英文摘要：
Accretion among macroscopic bodies of ~km size or larger is enhanced significantly due to gravitational focusing. Two regimes can be distinguished. Initially, the system experiences runaway growth, in which the gravitational focusing factors increase, and bodies at the high-mass tail of the distribution grow fastest. However, at some point the runaway body dynamically heats its environment, gravitational focusing factors decrease, and runaway growth passes into oligarchic growth. Based on the results of recent simulations, we reconsider the runaway growth-oligarchy transition. In contrast to oligarchy, we find that runaway growth cannot be approximated with a two component model (of small and large bodies) and that the criterion of Ida & Makino (1993), which is frequently adopted as the start of oligarchy, is not a sufficient condition to signify the transition. Instead, we propose a new criterion based on timescale arguments. We then find a larger value for the runaway growth-oligarchy transition: from several hundreds of km in the inner disk regions up to ~10^3 km for the outer disk. These findings are consistent with the view that runaway growth has been responsible for the size distribution of the present day Kuiper belt objects. Our finding furthermore outlines the proper initial conditions at the start of the oligarchy stage.
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