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arXiv 0903.4737astro-ph.EP
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0.4 AU的1km微行星生长的N体模拟

N-Body Simulations of Growth from 1 km Planetesimals at 0.4 AU

Rory Barnes, Thomas R. Quinn, Jack J. Lissauer, Derek C. Richardson

摘要:

我们提出了N体模拟的行星吸积开始1公里半径的星子在轨道上的1太阳质量的恒星在0.4 AU。星子的初始磁盘包含太多的机构,任何当前的N体代码集成,因此,我们模拟磁盘的样本补丁。虽然这大大减少了物体的数量,但我们仍然跟踪了超过10^5个粒子。我们考虑三个初始速度分布和监测的星子的增长。某些粒子的质量增加了100倍以上。此外,最大颗粒的逃逸速度比颗粒的速度分散快得多,这表明即将发生失控生长,尽管没有颗粒长得足够大以使其脱离幂律尺寸频率分布。这些结果与以前的统计和分析结果基本一致。我们通过假设撞击时围绕质心的角动量守恒和合并的微行星松弛成球形来计算旋转速率。在我们的模拟结束时,大多数至少经历过一次合并的天体的旋转速度超过了分裂频率。这意味着在1公里及以上的行星增长的大多数模拟中所作的完全非弹性碰撞(完美吸积)的假设是不合适的。我们的模拟结果表明,在补丁中的粒子数已减少合并到其初始值的一半,较大的机构在磁盘的相邻区域的存在可能会限制模拟采用补丁近似的有效性。

英文摘要:

We present N-body simulations of planetary accretion beginning with 1 km radius planetesimals in orbit about a 1 solar mass star at 0.4 AU. The initial disk of planetesimals contains too many bodies for any current N-body code to integrate; therefore, we model a sample patch of the disk. Although this greatly reduces the number of bodies, we still track in excess of 10^5 particles. We consider three initial velocity distributions and monitor the growth of the planetesimals. The masses of some particles increase by more than a factor of 100. Additionally, the escape speed of the largest particle grows considerably faster than the velocity dispersion of the particles, suggesting impending runaway growth, although no particle grows large enough to detach itself from the power law size-frequency distribution. These results are in general agreement with previous statistical and analytical results. We compute rotation rates by assuming conservation of angular momentum around the center of mass at impact and that merged planetesimals relax to spherical shapes. At the end of our simulations, the majority of bodies that have undergone at least one merger are rotating faster than the breakup frequency. This implies that the assumption of completely inelastic collisions (perfect accretion), which is made in most simulations of planetary growth at sizes 1 km and above, is inappropriate. Our simulations reveal that, subsequent to the number of particles in the patch having been decreased by mergers to half its initial value, the presence of larger bodies in neighboring regions of the disk may limit the validity of simulations employing the patch approximation.

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