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arXiv 1003.3873astro-ph.CO
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模拟高红移星系

Simulating high-redshift galaxies

R. Salvaterra, A. Ferrara, P. Dayal

摘要:

最近的观测已经收集了相当多的高红移星系候选者的样本,并确定了它们的光度函数(LF)的演化。为了解释这些发现,我们使用宇宙学SPH模拟,包括,除了标准的物理过程,在早期对象的Pop III-Pop II过渡的详细治疗。在红移范围5<z<10内,模拟的高z星系与观测到的LF的振幅和斜率非常匹配。随着红移的增加,LF的亮度向暗端移动,而其暗端斜率几乎保持不变,α~-2。高z星系的恒星星族在z=5(z=7-8)时的年龄为1亿~ 3亿(40 ~ 1.3亿)万年,意味着它们的恒星形成活动开始较早(z>9.4);比恒星形成速率几乎与星系恒星质量无关。HST/WFC 3(M_UV < -18)发现的星系即使在z=7-8时也显示出~0.1 Zsun的金属丰度。大多数z~7的模拟星系(明显是最小的星系)实际上是无尘的,它们的消光系数都不大于E(B-V)= 0.01。大部分(50%)的电离光子是由填充LF(M_UV < -16)的暗端的物体产生的,JWST将解析到z=7.3。PopIII恒星基本上在所有红移下都继续形成;然而,在z=6(z=10)时,当M_UV < -17(M_UV < -16)时,PopIII恒星对银河系总光度的贡献总是小于5%。典型的高z星系非常类似于在较低红移下观察到的GRB宿主星系群,强烈鼓励使用GRB来探测第一个星系。

英文摘要:

Recent observations have gathered a considerable sample of high redshift galaxy candidates and determined the evolution of their luminosity function (LF). To interpret these findings, we use cosmological SPH simulations including, in addition to standard physical processes, a detailed treatment of the Pop III-Pop II transition in early objects. The simulated high-z galaxies match remarkably well the amplitude and slope of the observed LF in the redshift range 5<z<10. The LF shifts towards fainter luminosities with increasing redshift, while its faint-end slope keeps an almost constant value, α~-2. The stellar populations of high-z galaxies have ages of 100-300 (40-130) Myr at z=5 (z=7-8), implying an early (z>9.4) start of their star formation activity; the specific star formation rate is almost independent of galactic stellar mass. These objects are enriched rapidly with metals and galaxies identified by HST/WFC3 (M_UV < -18) show metallicities ~0.1 Zsun even at z=7-8. Most of the simulated galaxies at z~7 (noticeably the smallest ones) are virtually dust-free, and none of them has an extinction larger than E(B-V) = 0.01. The bulk (50%) of the ionizing photons is produced by objects populating the faint-end of the LF (M_UV < -16), which JWST will resolve up to z=7.3. PopIII stars continue to form essentially at all redshifts; however, at z=6 (z=10) the contribution of Pop III stars to the total galactic luminosity is always less than 5% for M_UV < -17 (M_UV < -16). The typical high-z galaxies closely resemble the GRB host galaxy population observed at lower redshifts, strongly encouraging the use of GRBs to detect the first galaxies.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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