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arXiv 1003.3715cond-mat.mes-hallhep-lathep-th
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自旋和蜂窝晶格:石墨烯的教训

Spin and the Honeycomb Lattice: Lessons from Graphene

Matthew Mecklenburg, B. C. Regan

摘要:

自旋为1/2的粒子(如电子)由狄拉克方程描述,该方程允许两种自旋本征值(向上或向下)和两种类型的能量本征值(正或负,对应于电子和正电子)。在石墨烯的蜂窝晶格中,电子从一个原子跳到另一个原子的模型给出了低能电子激发,其服从形式上与2+1维狄拉克方程相同的关系。石墨烯的自旋等价物,“赝自旋”,是由蜂窝晶格的每个单元格的两个不等价原子位置引入的简并引起的。以前,人们认为通常的电子自旋和石墨烯亚晶格状态的赝自旋只是类似物。这里我们证明了赝自旋也是一个实角动量。这种识别解释了碳纳米管中电子背散射的抑制和石墨烯对光吸收的角度依赖性。此外,它还表明,像夸克和轻子那样的半整数自旋可以来自隐藏的子结构,而不是粒子本身,而是这些粒子所处的空间。

英文摘要:

Spin-1/2 particles such as the electron are described by the Dirac equation, which allows for two spin eigenvalues (up or down) and two types of energy eigenvalues (positive or negative, corresponding to the electron and the positron). A model of electrons hopping from atom to atom in graphene's honeycomb lattice gives low-energy electronic excitations that obey a relation formally identical to a 2+1 dimensional Dirac equation. Graphene's spin equivalent, "pseudospin", arises from the degeneracy introduced by the honeycomb lattice's two inequivalent atomic sites per unit cell. Previously it has been thought that the usual electron spin and the pseudospin indexing the graphene sublattice state are merely analogues. Here we show that the pseudospin is also a real angular momentum. This identification explains the suppression of electron backscattering in carbon nanotubes and the angular dependence of light absorption by graphene. Furthermore, it demonstrates that half-integer spin like that carried by the quarks and leptons can derive from hidden substructure, not of the particles themselves, but rather of the space in which these particles live.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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