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arXiv 1003.2856quant-phcond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.str-el
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拓扑容错量子计算机的设计

A Blueprint for a Topologically Fault-tolerant Quantum Computer

Parsa Bonderson, Sankar Das Sarma, Michael Freedman, Chetan Nayak

摘要:

信息处理进入量子力学领域,预示着计算能力的超越,这将使问题得以解决,这完全超出了任何“经典”计算机的已知能力,包括未来可能带来的任何潜在的非量子技术。然而,量子态的脆弱性对容错量子计算机的实现构成了挑战性的障碍。量子计算的拓扑方法提出通过使用特殊的物理系统--物质的非阿贝尔拓扑有序相--来克服这一障碍,这将在硬件层面提供内在的容错性。所谓的“伊辛型”非阿贝尔拓扑序很可能在许多系统中物理实现,但它只能提供一个通用的门集(量子计算的必要条件),如果一个人有能力在系统上执行某些动态拓扑改变操作。到目前为止,还不知道执行这些行动的实际方法。在这里,我们将展示如何在物理上实现必要的操作,伊辛型系统中实现最近提出的超导体-半导体和超导体-拓扑绝缘体异质结构。此外,我们指定的例程采用这些方法来生成一个计算上通用的门集。因此,我们能够使用目前可用的材料和技术提供一个完全拓扑保护的伊辛基量子计算机的示意性蓝图。这可以作为尝试构建容错量子计算机的起点,它将应用于密码分析,药物设计,量子多体系统的有效模拟,大型线性方程组的求解,搜索大型数据库,工程未来的量子计算机,以及-最重要的-那些在我们的经典时代没有人有先见之明预见的应用。

英文摘要:

The advancement of information processing into the realm of quantum mechanics promises a transcendence in computational power that will enable problems to be solved which are completely beyond the known abilities of any "classical" computer, including any potential non-quantum technologies the future may bring. However, the fragility of quantum states poses a challenging obstacle for realization of a fault-tolerant quantum computer. The topological approach to quantum computation proposes to surmount this obstacle by using special physical systems -- non-Abelian topologically ordered phases of matter -- that would provide intrinsic fault-tolerance at the hardware level. The so-called "Ising-type" non-Abelian topological order is likely to be physically realized in a number of systems, but it can only provide a universal gate set (a requisite for quantum computation) if one has the ability to perform certain dynamical topology-changing operations on the system. Until now, practical methods of implementing these operations were unknown. Here we show how the necessary operations can be physically implemented for Ising-type systems realized in the recently proposed superconductor-semiconductor and superconductor-topological insulator heterostructures. Furthermore, we specify routines employing these methods to generate a computationally universal gate set. We are consequently able to provide a schematic blueprint for a fully topologically-protected Ising based quantum computer using currently available materials and techniques. This may serve as a starting point for attempts to construct a fault-tolerant quantum computer, which will have applications to cryptanalysis, drug design, efficient simulation of quantum many-body systems, solution of large systems of linear equations, searching large databases, engineering future quantum computers, and -- most importantly -- those applications which no one in our classical era has the prescience to foresee.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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