Construction and Commissioning of the CALICE Analog Hadron Calorimeter Prototype
C. Adloff, Y. Karyotakis, J. Repond, A. Brandt, H. Brown, K. De, C. Medina, J. Smith, J. Li, M. Sosebee, A. White, J. Yu, T. Buanes, G. Eigen, Y. Mikami, O. Mil… 展开作者
C. Adloff, Y. Karyotakis, J. Repond, A. Brandt, H. Brown, K. De, C. Medina, J. Smith, J. Li, M. Sosebee, A. White, J. Yu, T. Buanes, G. Eigen, Y. Mikami, O. Miller, N. K. Watson, J. A. Wilson, T. Goto, G. Mavromanolakis, M. A. Thomson, D. R. Ward, W. Yan, D. Benchekroun, A. Hoummada, Y. Khoulaki, M. Oreglia, M. Benyamna, C. Cârloganu, P. Gay, J. Ha, G. C. Blazey, D. Chakraborty, A. Dyshkant, K. Francis, D. Hedin, G. Lima, V. Zutshi, V. A. Babkin, S. N. Bazylev, Yu. I. Fedotov, V. M. Slepnev, I. A. Tiapkin, S. V. Volgin, J. -Y. Hostachy, L. Morin, N. D?Ascenzo, U. Cornett, D. David, R. Fabbri, G. Falley, N. Feege, K. Gadow, E. Garutti, P. Göttlicher, T. Jung, S. Karstensen, V. Korbel, A. -I. Lucaci-Timoce, B. Lutz, N. Meyer, V. Morgunov, M. Reinecke, S. Schätzel, S. Schmidt, F. Sefkow, P. Smirnov, A. Vargas-Trevino, N. Wattimena, O. Wendt, M. Groll, R. -D. Heuer, S. Richter, J. Samson, A. Kaplan, H. -Ch. Schultz-Coulon, W. Shen, A. Tadday, B. Bilki, E. Norbeck, Y. Onel, E. J. Kim, G. Kim, D-W. Kim, K. Lee, S. C. Lee, K. Kawagoe, Y. Tamura, J. A. Ballin, P. D. Dauncey, A. -M. Magnan, H. Yilmaz, O. Zorba, V. Bartsch, M. Postranecky, M. Warren, M. Wing, M. Faucci Giannelli, M. G. Green, F. Salvatore, R. Kieffer, I. Laktineh, M. C Fouz, D. S. Bailey, R. J. Barlow, R. J. Thompson, M. Batouritski, O. Dvornikov, Yu. Shulhevich, N. Shumeiko, A. Solin, P. Starovoitov, V. Tchekhovski, A. Terletski, B. Bobchenko, M. Chadeeva, M. Danilov, O. Markin, R. Mizuk, V. Morgunov, E. Novikov, V. Rusinov, E. Tarkovsky, V. Andreev, N. Kirikova, A. Komar, V. Kozlov, P. Smirnov, Y. Soloviev, A. Terkulov, P. Buzhan, B. Dolgoshein, A. Ilyin, V. Kantserov, V. Kaplin, A. Karakash, E. Popova, S. Smirnov, N. Baranova, E. Boos, L. Gladilin, D. Karmanov, M. Korolev, M. Merkin, A. Savin, A. Voronin, A. Topkar, A. Freyk, C. Kiesling, S. Lu, K. Prothmann, K. Seidel, F. Simon, C. Soldner, L. Weuste, B. Bouquet, S. Callier, P. Cornebise, F. Dulucq, J. Fleury, H. Li, G. Martin-Chassard, F. Richard, Ch. de la Taille, R. Poeschl, L. Raux, M. Ruan, N. Seguin-Moreau, F. Wicek, M. Anduze, V. Boudry, J-C. Brient, G. Gaycken, R. Cornat, D. Jeans, P. Mora de Freitas, G. Musat, M. Reinhard, A. Rougé, J-Ch. Vanel, H. Videau, K-H. Park, J. Zacek, J. Cvach, P. Gallus, M. Havranek, M. Janata, J. Kvasnicka, M. Marcisovsky, I. Polak, J. Popule, L. Tomasek, M. Tomasek, P. Ruzicka, P. Sicho, J. Smolik, V. Vrba, J. Zalesak, Yu. Arestov, V. Ammosov, B. Chuiko, V. Gapienko, Y. Gilitski, V. Koreshev, A. Semak, Yu. Sviridov, V. Zaets, B. Belhorma, M. Belmir, A. Baird, R. N. Halsall, S. W. Nam, I. H. Park, J. Yang, Jong-Seo Chai, Jong-Tae Kim, Geun-Bum Kim, Y. Kim, J. Kang, Y. -J. Kwon, Ilgoo Kim, Taeyun Lee, Jaehong Park, Jinho Sung, S. Itoh, K. Kotera, M. Nishiyama, T. Takeshita, S. Weber, C. Zeitnitz
An analog hadron calorimeter (AHCAL) prototype of 5.3 nuclear interaction lengths thickness has been constructed by members of the CALICE Collaboration. The AHCAL prototype consists of a 38-layer sandwich structure of steel plates and highly-segmented scintillator tiles that are read out by wavelength-shifting fibers coupled to SiPMs. The signal is amplified and shaped with a custom-designed ASIC. A calibration/monitoring system based on LED light was developed to monitor the SiPM gain and to measure the full SiPM response curve in order to correct for non-linearity. Ultimately, the physics goals are the study of hadron shower shapes and testing the concept of particle flow. The technical goal consists of measuring the performance and reliability of 7608 SiPMs. The AHCAL was commissioned in test beams at DESY and CERN. The entire prototype was completed in 2007 and recorded hadron showers, electron showers and muons at different energies and incident angles in test beams at CERN and Fermilab.
The CALICE Collaboration is conducting R\&D for highly granular calorimeters with an emphasis on detectors for Linear Colliders. This contribution briefly summarises recent tests of large scale technological prototypes of a silicon tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter and hadron calorimeters featuring either a gaseous medium or scintillator with a SiPM readout as active material.
CALICE Digital Hadron Calorimeter: Calibration and Response to Hadrons
大型CALICE数字强子量热仪原型（DHCAL）于2009 - 2010年建造。DHCAL使用电阻板室（RPC）作为有源介质，并以1 x 1 cm 2焊盘和数字（1位）分辨率进行读取。DHCAL拥有约0.5M读出通道的世界纪录，为以前所未有的空间分辨率研究强子相互作用提供了可能性。本演讲报告了费米实验室测试束中收集的2至60 GeV/c动量的π介子事件的分析结果，重点是复杂的校准程序。
Data Acquisition System for the CALICE AHCAL Calorimeter
本文介绍了未来国际直线对撞机高颗粒模拟强子量能器（AHCAL）的数据采集系统。开发的DAQ链有几个聚合阶段，并可扩展到AHCAL检测器设计所预见的800万个通道。最大的聚合设备Link Data Aggregator拥有96个HDMI连接器、4个Kintex7 FPGA和一个中央Zynq片上系统。架构和性能的结果，详细显示。DESY测试梁的经验与一个小的探测器原型组成的15个探测器层。
The Particle Flow Algorithms adopted for future $e^{+}e^{-}$ colliders detectors and phase-II CMS upgrade require very high granularity calorimeters to deconvolve the individual contributions of particles in jets. This is especially true for electromagnetic calorimeters (ECAL). For a realistic large detector many technological requirements have to be fulfilled: modularity for industrialization; compact integration of an embedded very front-end electronics featuring large dynamics, low-power and self-triggering; mechanical structure and cooling systems with minimal dead zones. The technological…
The next generation of collider detectors will make full use of Particle Flow Algorithms, requiring high-precision tracking and full imaging calorimeters. The latter, thanks to granularity improvements by two to three orders of magnitude compared to existing devices, have been developed during the past 15 years by the CALICE collaboration and are now reaching maturity. This contribution will focus on the commissioning of a 15-layer prototype of a highly granular silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter that comprises 15,360 readout cells. The prototype was exposed in November 2021 and Marc…
CALICE collaboration is developing highly granular calorimeters suitable for individual reconstruction of particles in the jets using Particle Flow Algorithms. Such calorimeters should provide the best jet energy resolution at future high energy $e^{+}e^{-}$ colliders. At high jet energies, typically above 70-100 GeV, the jet particle showers start to overlap, and the resolution is determined by the ability to separate them. Here, we present the results on the separation of two overlapping electromagnetic or electromagnetic - hadronic showers obtained by mixing of the single shower events coll…
Prototypes of electromagnetic and hadronic imaging calorimeters developed and operated by the CALICE collaboration provide an unprecedented wealth of highly granular data of hadronic showers for a variety of active sensor elements and different absorber materials. In this presentation, we discuss detailed measurements of the spatial and the time structure of hadronic showers to characterise the different stages of hadronic cascades in the calorimeters, which are then confronted with GEANT4-based simulations using different hadronic physics models. These studies also extend to the two different…
The highly granular silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter (SiW ECAL) is the reference design of the ECAL for the International Large Detector (ILD) concept, one of the two detector concepts proposed for the future International Linear Collider (ILC). Prototypes for this type of detector are developed within the CALICE Collaboration. This contribution reports on the development of an ultra-thin PCB called Chip-on-Board (COB) that is equipped with wirebonded ASICs and pixelated silicon wafers. This set will form the basic unit of detection of the SiW ECAL. It will favour the design of an …
Commissioning of the new calorimeters of the KLOE-2 experiment
2013年5月，三个新的子探测器被安装在INFN的Nazionali di Frascati的KLOE设备中。光子探测是通过一个小的晶体量热计，名为CCALT，在非常向前的方向和一个钨-陶瓷瓦采样装置，名为QCALT，仪表化的低β四极的加速器。在第一次DA $ϕ$ NE操作期间，已经获得了一些初步运行（有冲突和无冲突），允许调试新的子探测器。在本文中，我们报告了QCALT和CCALT的简要说明和调试阶段的总结。
The Analogue Hadron Calorimeter (AHCAL) developed by the CALICE collaboration is a scalable engineering prototype for a Linear Collider detector. It is a sampling calorimeter of steel absorber plates and plastic scintillator tiles read out by silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) as active material (SiPM-on-tile). The front-end chips are integrated into the active layers of the calorimeter and are designed for minimizing power consumption by rapidly cycling the power according to the beam structure of a linear accelerator. 38 layers of the sampling structure are equipped with cassettes containing 5…
As part of its HL-LHC upgrade program, CMS is developing a High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) to replace the existing endcap calorimeters. The HGCAL will be realised as a sampling calorimeter, including an electromagnetic compartment comprising 28 layers of silicon pad detectors with pad areas of 0.5 - 1.0 cm2 interspersed with absorbers. Prototype modules, based on 6-inch hexagonal silicon pad sensors with 128 channels, have been constructed and include many of the features required for this challenging detector. In 2016, beam tests of sampling configurations made from these modules have be…
A highly granular silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter (SiW-ECAL) is the reference design of the ECAL for International Large Detector (ILD) concept, one of the two detector concepts for the detector(s) at the future International Linear Collider. Prototypes for this type of detector are developed within the CALICE Collaboration. The final detector will comprise about $10^{8}$ calorimeter cells that have to be integrated in a volume of maximal 20 cm in depth. Detector components that in terms of size and channel density come already close to the specifications for future large scale ex…
The Analog Hadron Calorimeter (AHCAL) concept developed by the CALICE collaboration is a highly granular sampling calorimeter with \SI{3x3}{\square\centi\meter} plastic scintillator tiles individually read out by silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) as active material. We have built a large scalable engineering prototype with 38 layers in a steel absorber structure with a thickness of ~4 interaction length. The prototype was exposed to electron, muon and hadron beams at the DESY and CERN testbeam facilities in 2018. The high granularity of the detector allows detailed studies of shower shapes and …
We present a study of the response of the highly granular Digital Hadronic Calorimeter with steel absorbers, the Fe-DHCAL, to positrons, muons, and pions with momenta ranging from 2 to 60 GeV/c. Developed in the context of the CALICE collaboration, this hadron calorimeter utilises Resistive Plate Chambers as active media, interspersed with steel absorber plates. With a transverse granularity of $1\,\times\,1\,$cm$^{2}$ and a longitudinal segmentation of 38 layers, the calorimeter counted 350,208 readout channels, each read out with single-bit resolution (digital readout). The data were recorde…
