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arXiv 1003.1133astro-ph.COastro-ph.HE
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利用射电晕和微晕测量星系团中的磁场和宇宙射线分布

Using Radio Halos and Minihalos to Measure the Distributions of Magnetic Fields and Cosmic-Rays in Galaxy Clusters

Uri Keshet, Abraham Loeb

摘要:

有些星系团在Mpc尺度上表现为巨晕(GH),在较小尺度上表现为微晕(MH)。比较几个这样的集群的VLA和XMM径向配置文件,我们发现无线电和X射线表面亮度之间的普遍线性相关性,有效的两种类型的晕。这意味着晕的中心发射率nu*j_nu=10^{-31.4+-0.2}*(n/10^-2cm^-3)^2*(T/T_0)^{0.2+-0.5} erg/s/cm ^3,其中T和T_0为局部和中心温度,n为电子数密度。我们认为,紧密的相关性和缩放的j_nu,结合形态和光谱的证据,表明GH和MH产生的次级电子和正电子,产生于宇宙射线离子(CRI)与强磁化,B >3 μ G的团内气体碰撞。当磁能密度低于微波背景时,射电辐射大大减弱,产生具有cluromatic形态的晕(例如RXCJ 2003.5 -2323和A2255)或明显的径向破裂。因此,我们在A2029和英仙座的半径分别为r~110 kpc和r~50 kpc时,测量到磁场B=3 μ G。~20 GeV强碰撞产生的秒谱反映了碰撞截面的能量依赖性。我们利用观测到的晕的光谱,特别是当它们随着半径或频率的增加而变陡时,(i)测量B~10(nu/700 MHz)μ G,其中nu是频谱中断频率;(ii)识别平均频谱和中心磁场之间的相关性;(iii)在10 GeV以上的能量范围内,CRI谱指数s <-2.7,能量分数xi_p~10^{-3.6+-0.2}。我们的研究结果有利于一个模型,CRI扩散远离他们的来源(这可能是超新星,根据初步的相关性与恒星形成),而磁场产生的合并GH和核心晃动MH。

英文摘要:

Some galaxy clusters show diffuse radio emission in the form of giant halos (GHs) on Mpc scales or minihalos (MHs) on smaller scales. Comparing VLA and XMM radial profiles of several such clusters, we find a universal linear correlation between radio and X-ray surface brightness, valid in both types of halos. It implies a halo central emissivity nu*j_nu=10^{-31.4+-0.2}*(n/10^-2cm^-3)^2*(T/T_0)^{0.2+-0.5} erg/s/cm^3, where T and T_0 are the local and central temperatures, and n is the electron number density. We argue that the tight correlation and the scaling of j_nu, combined with morphological and spectral evidence, indicate that both GHs and MHs arise from secondary electrons and positrons, produced in cosmic-ray ion (CRI) collisions with a strongly magnetized, B >3 muG intracluster gas. When the magnetic energy density drops below that of the microwave background, the radio emission weakens considerably, producing halos with a clumpy morphology (e.g. RXCJ2003.5-2323 and A2255) or a distinct radial break. We thus measure a magnetic field B=3 muG at a radius r~110 kpc in A2029 and r~50 kpc in Perseus. The spectrum of secondaries, produced from hadronic collisions of ~20 GeV CRIs, reflects the energy dependence of the collision cross section. We use the observed spectra of halos, in particular where they steepen with increasing radius or frequency, to (i) measure B~10(nu/700 MHz) muG, with nu the spectral break frequency; (ii) identify a correlation between the average spectrum and the central magnetic field; and (iii) infer a CRI spectral index s <-2.7 and energy fraction xi_p~10^{-3.6+-0.2} at particle energies above 10 GeV. Our results favor a model where CRIs diffuse away from their sources (which are probably supernovae, according to a preliminary correlation with star formation), whereas the magnetic fields are generated by mergers in GHs and by core sloshing in MHs.

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