用巨透镜射电喷流的亚毫弧秒尺度观测寻找暗晕子结构
Hunting for dark halo substructure using submilliarcsecond-scale observations of macrolensed radio jets
摘要：
暗晕子结构可能会通过次级的、小尺度的引力透镜效应显现出来，这些透镜效应作用于被前景星系宏观透镜化的光源。在这里，我们探讨的前景，使用甚长基线干涉测量（VLBI）观测多重成像的类星体喷流搜索亚毫角秒尺度的图像失真所产生的各种形式的黑暗子结构在1 e3 - 1 e8 Msolar质量范围。我们目前的透镜模拟相关的角分辨率可与现有的欧洲VLBI网络（EVN），全球VLBI阵列，和即将到来的观测模式中，阿塔卡马大型毫米波阵列（ALMA）连接到全球VLBI阵列。虽然这种类型的观测对标准的冷暗物质次晕不敏感，但它们可以用来探测在替代结构形成情景中预测的更紧凑形式的晕子结构。通过映射~5个强透镜系统，如果它们在这些透镜中的暗物质中占>1%，则应该有可能检测到或有力地排除1 e3 - 1 e6 M太阳质量范围内的原始黑洞。超致密的小晕很难用这种技术探测到，但如果它们占暗物质的10%以上，原则上可以探测到1 e6 - 1 e8的太阳超致密小晕。
英文摘要：
Dark halo substructure may reveal itself through secondary, small-scale gravitational lensing effects on light sources that are macrolensed by a foreground galaxy. Here, we explore the prospects of using Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations of multiply-imaged quasar jets to search for submilliarcsecond-scale image distortions produced by various forms of dark substructures in the 1e3-1e8 Msolar mass range. We present lensing simulations relevant for the angular resolutions attainable with the existing European VLBI Network (EVN), the global VLBI array, and an upcoming observing mode in which the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) is connected to the global VLBI array. While observations of this type would not be sensitive to standard cold dark matter subhalos, they can be used to detect more compact forms of halo substructure predicted in alternative structure formation scenarios. By mapping ~5 strongly lensed systems, it should be possible to detect or robustly rule out primordial black holes in the 1e3-1e6 Msolar mass range if they constitute >1% percent of the dark matter in these lenses. Ultracompact minihalos are harder to detect using this technique, but 1e6-1e8 Msolar ultracompact minihalos could in principle be detected if they constitute >10% of the dark matter.
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