高阶CCM的最新发展是将现有的形式主义和代码扩展到$s \ge \frac 12$,用于基态和激发态,并独立地扩展到“广义”期望值,用于广泛的一体和两体自旋算子。CCM的一个优点是在所有近似水平下都遵守Goldstone链接簇定理,因此它从一开始就提供了无限晶格极限$N \to \infty$的结果。然而,最近的结果也表明,CCM可以提供精确的(破缺)结果的自旋半线性链$J_1$ -$J_2$在Majumdar-Ghosh点$J_2/J_1=0.5$通过识别特殊的解决方案的CCM方程通常的Néel模型状态。有趣的是,CCM为系统提供了精确的(非对称性破坏)结果,在这些系统中,当连接它们的键趋于零时,小的磁性团簇彼此解耦。这些精确结果涉及到Néel态CCM方程的“特解”的识别。这种情况的一个例子是自旋半系统,其具有对应于磁性材料CaV $_4$ O $_9$(CAVO)的底层晶格的最近邻键,其中晶格上两种不同类型的键之一趋于零。通过适当地选择晶胞及其上的键,可以考虑更大的有限尺寸系统.本文证明,在周期性边界条件下,自旋半和自旋一线性海森堡模型在链长为N=1/2(s=1/2)和N=6(s=1)的情况下,基态能量和激发能隙的精确对角化结果,可以用高密度泛函理论精确地再现.通过这种“蛮力”方法订购CCM;即,其中没有平移或点群对称的有限晶格使用。
英文摘要:
Recent developments of high-order CCM have been to extend existing formalism and codes to $s \ge \frac 12$ for both the ground and excited states, and independently to "generalised" expectation values for a wide range of one- and two-body spin operators. An advantage of the CCM is that the Goldstone linked-cluster theorem is obeyed at all levels of approximation and so it provides results in the infinite lattice limit $N \to \infty$ from the outset. However, recent results have also shown that the CCM can provide exact (symmetry-breaking) results for the spin-half linear-chain $J_1$--$J_2$ at the Majumdar-Ghosh point $J_2/J_1=0.5$ by identifying special solutions of the CCM equations for the usual Néel model state. Interestingly, the CCM provides exact (non-symmetry-breaking) results for systems in which small magnetic clusters become de-coupled from each other when the bonds connecting them tend to zero. These exact results involve the identification of "special solutions" of the CCM equations for the Néel state. An example of this is given by a spin-half system with nearest-neighbour bonds for an underlying lattice corresponding to the magnetic material CaV$_4$O$_9$ (CAVO) in which one of the two different types of bonds on the lattice tend to zero. Larger finite-sized systems may be considered by appropriate choice of the unit cell and the bonds on it. We show here that exact diagonalisation results for ground-state energy and excitation energy gap for the spin-half and spin-one linear Heisenberg model on chains of length up to N=12 sites for s=1/2 and N=6 sites for s=1 with periodic boundary conditions are reproduced exactly using high-order CCM via this "brute-force" approach; i.e., one in which none of the translational or point-group symmetries of the finite lattice are used.
Coupled cluster treatment of one quasi-one-dimensional coupled spin triangles
利用耦合集团方法(CCM)和数值精确对角化(ED)方法,研究了准一维耦合自旋三角形的性质。ED结果表明,当a<ac 1时,体系处于严格的四聚体-二聚体(TD)态。我们证明了在该参数范围内利用CCM可以形成精确的TD态。更有趣的是,我们发现通过CCM也可以得到TD态的精确自旋能隙。在临界点ac 1处,发生一级跃迁,系统的基态从TD态演化到铁磁长程序态。在a> ac 1的参数范围内,CCM对基态能、磁化强度和反铁磁能隙等物理量的计算结果与ED的结果吻合得很好,因此CCM可以用来精确地分析整个参数范围内准一维耦合自旋三角形的性质.我们相信它也可以可靠地应用于研究其他准单自旋系统的性质。
High-Order Coupled Cluster Method Calculations using Three-Dimensional Model States: An Illustration for the Triangular-Lattice Antiferromagnet in an External Field
Quantum Phase Transitions of a Square-Lattice Heisenberg Antiferromagnet with Two Kinds of Nearest-Neighbour Bonds: A High-Order Coupled-Cluster Treatment
Coplanar model states for applications of the coupled cluster method (CCM) to problems in quantum magnetism are those in which all spins lie in a plane, whereas three-dimensional (3D) model states are, by contrast, non-coplanar ones in which all the spins do not lie in any single plane. Here we extend the CCM to non-coplanar / 3D model states and we present results for three cases: (a) the spin-half one-dimensional Ising ferromagnet in an applied transverse magnetic field (as an exactly solvable test model to use as a yardstick for the viability and accuracy of our new methodology); (b) the sp…
In this work we study the Hubbard model on a bi-partite lattice using the coupled-cluster method (CCM). We first investigate what, within this approach, allows us to reproduce the zero order parameter in the 1D model, as predicted by the exact solution. We show that we need a critical correlation in some of the coupled-cluster model coefficients to reproduce this result, as can be obtained by applying some very accurate results using the CCM for the Heisenberg model. Using the same approach we then tackle the 2D Hubbard model on a square and a honeycomb lattice, both of which can be thought to…
We use the coupled cluster method (CCM) to study the ground-state properties and lowest-lying triplet excited state of the spin-half {\it XXZ} antiferromagnet on the square lattice. The CCM is applied to it to high orders of approximation by using an efficient computer code that has been written by us and which has been implemented to run on massively parallelized computer platforms. We are able therefore to present precise data for the basic quantities of this model over a wide range of values for the anisotropy parameter $Δ$ in the range $-1 \leq Δ< \infty$ of interest, including both the ea…
CCM Calculations For The Ground-State Properties Of The One-Dimensional Spin-Half $J_1$--$J_2$ Model: Possible Evidence of Collinear Ordering for $J_2/J_1 > \frac 12$?
We use the coupled cluster method (CCM) to study a frustrated spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ $J_{1}$--$J_{2}$--$J_{1}^{\perp}$ Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a bilayer honeycomb lattice with $AA$ stacking. Both nearest-neighbor (NN) and frustrating next-nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic (AFM) exchange interactions are present in each layer, with respective exchange coupling constants $J_{1}>0$ and $J_{2} \equiv κJ_{1} > 0$. The two layers are coupled with NN AFM exchanges with coupling strength $J_{1}^{\perp}\equiv δJ_{1}>0$. We calculate to high orders of approximation within the CCM the zero-field trans…
The coupled cluster method (CCM) is employed to very high orders of approximation to study the ground-state (GS) properties of the spin-$s$ Heisenberg antiferromagnet (with isotropic interactions, all of equal strength, between nearest-neighbour pairs only) on the honeycomb lattice. We calculate with high accuracy the complete set of GS parameters that fully describes the low-energy behaviour of the system, in terms of an effective magnon field theory, viz., the energy per spin, the magnetic order parameter (i.e., the sublattie magnetization), the spin stiffness and the zero-field (uniform, tr…
The $J_1$--$J_2$ Heisenberg model is a "canonical" model in the field of quantum magnetism in order to study the interplay between frustration and quantum fluctuations as well as quantum phase transitions driven by frustration. Here we apply the Coupled Cluster Method (CCM) to study the spin-half $J_1$--$J_2$ model with antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor bonds $J_1 >0$ and next-nearest-neighbor bonds $J_2 >0$ for the simple cubic (SC) and body-centered cubic (BCC) lattices. In particular, we wish to study the ground-state ordering of these systems as a function of the frustration parameter $p=…
The zero-temperature quantum phase diagram of the spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ $J_{1}$--$J_{2}$--$J_{1}^{\perp}$ model on an $AA$-stacked bilayer honeycomb lattice is investigated using the coupled cluster method (CCM). The model comprises two monolayers in each of which the spins, residing on honeycomb-lattice sites, interact via both nearest-neighbor (NN) and frustrating next-nearest-neighbor isotropic antiferromagnetic (AFM) Heisenberg exchange iteractions, with respective strengths $J_{1} > 0$ and $J_{2} \equiv κJ_{1}>0$. The two layers are coupled via a comparable Heisenberg exchange interaction be…
We develop the diagrammatic formulation of the many-body theory for the coupled collective modes in interacting electron systems of different dimensions. The formalism is then applied in detail to a two-dimensional system coupled to a three-dimensional electron gas. We find two dimensionally-mixed plasmon modes which in the long wavelength limit are respectively 3D-like and acoustic in nature, but are strongly coupled at larger wave vectors. The same formalism can be applied to any dimensional combinations, and we also present the results for 1D-2D and 1D-3D coupled systems.
We formulate a general, arbitrary-order stochastic response formalism within the Full Configuration Interaction Quantum Monte Carlo framework. This modified stochastic dynamic allows for the exact response properties of correlated multireference electronic systems to be systematically converged upon for systems far out of reach of traditional exact treatments. This requires a simultaneous coupled evolution of a response state alongside the zeroth-order state, which is shown to be stable, non-transient and unbiased. We demonstrate this with application to the static dipole polarizability of mol…
While coupled cluster theory accurately models weakly correlated quantum systems, it often fails in the presence of strong correlations where the standard mean-field picture is qualitatively incorrect. In many cases, these failures can be largely ameliorated by permitting the mean-field reference to break physical symmetries. Symmetry-broken coupled cluster, e.g. Bogoliubov coupled cluster, theory can indeed provide reasonably accurate energetic predictions, but the broken symmetry can compromise the quality of the resulting wave function and predictions of observables other than the energy. M…