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arXiv 1002.4396cond-mat.str-el
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高阶耦合团簇方法(CCM)形式3:小尺度CCM

High-Order Coupled Cluster Method (CCM) Formalism 3: Finite-Size CCM

D. J. J. Farnell

摘要:

高阶CCM的最新发展是将现有的形式主义和代码扩展到$s \ge \frac 12$,用于基态和激发态,并独立地扩展到“广义”期望值,用于广泛的一体和两体自旋算子。CCM的一个优点是在所有近似水平下都遵守Goldstone链接簇定理,因此它从一开始就提供了无限晶格极限$N \to \infty$的结果。然而,最近的结果也表明,CCM可以提供精确的(破缺)结果的自旋半线性链$J_1$ -$J_2$在Majumdar-Ghosh点$J_2/J_1=0.5$通过识别特殊的解决方案的CCM方程通常的Néel模型状态。有趣的是,CCM为系统提供了精确的(非对称性破坏)结果,在这些系统中,当连接它们的键趋于零时,小的磁性团簇彼此解耦。这些精确结果涉及到Néel态CCM方程的“特解”的识别。这种情况的一个例子是自旋半系统,其具有对应于磁性材料CaV $_4$ O $_9$(CAVO)的底层晶格的最近邻键,其中晶格上两种不同类型的键之一趋于零。通过适当地选择晶胞及其上的键,可以考虑更大的有限尺寸系统.本文证明,在周期性边界条件下,自旋半和自旋一线性海森堡模型在链长为N=1/2(s=1/2)和N=6(s=1)的情况下,基态能量和激发能隙的精确对角化结果,可以用高密度泛函理论精确地再现.通过这种“蛮力”方法订购CCM;即,其中没有平移或点群对称的有限晶格使用。

英文摘要:

Recent developments of high-order CCM have been to extend existing formalism and codes to $s \ge \frac 12$ for both the ground and excited states, and independently to "generalised" expectation values for a wide range of one- and two-body spin operators. An advantage of the CCM is that the Goldstone linked-cluster theorem is obeyed at all levels of approximation and so it provides results in the infinite lattice limit $N \to \infty$ from the outset. However, recent results have also shown that the CCM can provide exact (symmetry-breaking) results for the spin-half linear-chain $J_1$--$J_2$ at the Majumdar-Ghosh point $J_2/J_1=0.5$ by identifying special solutions of the CCM equations for the usual Néel model state. Interestingly, the CCM provides exact (non-symmetry-breaking) results for systems in which small magnetic clusters become de-coupled from each other when the bonds connecting them tend to zero. These exact results involve the identification of "special solutions" of the CCM equations for the Néel state. An example of this is given by a spin-half system with nearest-neighbour bonds for an underlying lattice corresponding to the magnetic material CaV$_4$O$_9$ (CAVO) in which one of the two different types of bonds on the lattice tend to zero. Larger finite-sized systems may be considered by appropriate choice of the unit cell and the bonds on it. We show here that exact diagonalisation results for ground-state energy and excitation energy gap for the spin-half and spin-one linear Heisenberg model on chains of length up to N=12 sites for s=1/2 and N=6 sites for s=1 with periodic boundary conditions are reproduced exactly using high-order CCM via this "brute-force" approach; i.e., one in which none of the translational or point-group symmetries of the finite lattice are used.

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